1. Social standing and lifestyle in Czech Society

2. Theory of Research on Cultural Differentiation and Stratification Social stratification- Social stratification- is a concept involving the "classification of persons into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions

3. Approaches to Culture and Social Stratification Functional approach Conflict approachEvolutional approach Stratification is natural, necessary, inevitable, because of its correlation with a variety of needs, functions and social roles. Stratification is not necessary, but not inevitable. It arises from a conflict of groups. Stratification is not always necessary and useful. It appears not only due to the natural needs, but also on the basis of the conflict arising from the distribution of surplus Stratification results to an optimal functioning of the society. Stratification impedes normal functioning of the society Stratification may help or slow down the development of the society.

4. Max Weber class class (A person's economic position in a society, based on birth and individual achievement.) status status (A person's prestige, social honor, or popularity in a society.) Power Power (A person's ability to get their way despite the resistance of others.)

5. Karl Marx - classes as defined by people's relationship to the means of productions in two basic ways: either they own productive property or labour for others. - culture is not only a code or a mode of communication; it is also a form of domination, an ideology at the service of the dominant classes

6. Mary Douglas and Baron Isherwood - social stratification is strongly correlated with consumption of goods, ranging from necessity to luxury.

7. Omnivorous Omnivorous- Omnivorous- having a wide range of different tastes. - - highlights a dimension of tastes within various cultural fields; - insists on a tendency for diversification and accumulation of activities in different fields.

8. Peterson’s and Simkus ‘s omnivorousness thesis Highbrowlowbrow

9. Cultural Homology, life-style individualization Homologies Homologies are "structural 'resonances‘ between the different elements making up a socio-cultural whole. Individualization Individualization concerned with the way that social action is increasingly mediated through and by the individual person. It addresses the nature of decision-taking by the individual engaged in living “a life of one’s own”..

10. Data and Measures Data set on lifestyles, culture and consumption from the MML 2004. Consumer preferences, leisure activities and cultural tastes. 14 778 respondents aged 18 and 79 years in the data file. Based on quota sample Represents adult Czech population.

11. Social Class as the Classification of Household Status ABSDE ESOMAR Social Grades Upper class – A consists of the households with the highest status,mostly high-ranking professionals and employers Upper middle class - B there are lower-ranking professionals. Middle class – C is a mixture of white-collar employeers,technicians, the self-employed and tradesmen. Lower middle class – D is comprised of household heads who are skilled manual workers,technicians and lower white-collar workers. the lower class - E consists of unskilled manual workers and those not employed(mainly pensioners)

12. Lifestyle Indicators: Highbrow Culture, Luxury Consumption and Healthy Lifestyle. Domains of lifestyle representing publicly manifest lifestyle models: Participation In and taste of highbrow culture Luxury( ostentetious) consumption and Healthy life style (dietary habits and personal care )

13. Findings The Description indicating the association between the three domains of lifestyle and social class. A, B and C are very similar. There is a notional boundary between them and the lower classes D and E. What extent this is directly affected by class, or whether social class influences lifestyles indirectly, will be the subject of the analyses below.

14. Objectives of the multivariate analysis Two patterns: Represents the traditional homonology of class-connected lifestyle Based on post- modern theory, mostly consisting of non-vertical status(gender, age) and non-class status characteristics(education, income).

15. 1.model: implies social class alone to be capable of predicting life style conditionality. 2.model: various socio-demographic characteristics of horizontal (age, gender, place of residence) and vertical (education, household income) standing are applied. *family composition variables included (child presence in a household and marital status) in the model

16. Highbrow Culture Model 1:The effect of belonging to only social class A,B,C or D as opposed to the lower class E, comprised of households of unskilled manual workers and those outside the labor market. The hierarchical association between social classes and highbrowculture,3,7% of the variance A Minimum difference between classes A and B (12,1%) Highbrow culture can be best predicted by a respondent’s university or secondary education, gender, and the respondent’s place of residence being the capital, Prague. Only 4 of 14 items can be considered dependent on cultural accessibility in an urban environment, as the others are possible at home. As the rationale of the life cycle implies, having a child or being married poses an obstacle to highbrow cultural consumption.

17. Luxury Consumption Ostentatious consumption is associated most with the middle class C, consisting of households of white-collar workers, technicians, the self-employed and tradespeople. A respondent’s education plays a distinct role, although a university degree is not the strongest predictor. Age The young generation (post-revolution) is distinguished by material consumption whereas the older generation, and to some extent also the middle-aged generation, can be characterized by less willingness to change their ingrained habits and lifestyle.

18. Healthy Lifestyle Involving healthy eating habits and personal care. The Least clarified by social structure. 3% of the adults population prefers to buy organic foodstuffs regularly, no hierarchical difference between classes can be found in this domain. The higher the class a household belongs, the healthier the lifestyle of the respondent. The role of social class is still present but the differences between classes are blurred. Education plays the role, age and class effect. The most influential factors are gender and being a resident of Prague.

19. Social Space of Lifestyles – an Overall Assessment of Social Class Effects For all 3 domains the factors that most influence the lifestyles of Czechs are gender, Education (university or secondary), Being a resident of Prague and, At least the case of luxury consumption, Age. The relationships with class become partly blurred. Class still affects all three domains of lifestyle to some extent even when education together with horizontal status characteristics are controlled, Weak influence (compared to gender) The boundary between the classes A,B,C, distinguished by highbrow culture and luxury consumption, and lower classes D,E, is evident. Older people naturally take care of their health.

20. Thank you for your attention