1. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. Edited by Elizabeth Rieger Images, Figures and Tables Chapter 5 5-1 Abnormal Psychology Leading Researcher Perspectives

2. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. 5-2 Bertha Pappenheim, whose experience of physical symptoms of supposed psychological origin was reported in the famous case study of “Anna O”. The case was crucial in the development of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. © Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz

3. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. 5-3 Figure 1 An overview of the relationships between somatoform, dissociative and related disorders

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5. Pain disorder is characterised by physical pain (such as headache) that causes significant distress and impaired functioning. In addition, psychological factors are believed to have an important role in triggering the pain. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. 5-5

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9. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. 5-9 Figure 2 A cognitive-behavioural model of the process of somatisation

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14. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. In television show United States of Tara, Toni Collette plays the roles of the alternate identities experienced by a woman with dissociative identity disorder (DID). DID is a severe form of dissociation in which a person appears to have two or more distinct identities. Headpress/Kobal Collection 5-14

15. Childhood trauma is theorised to have an important role in the aetiology of dissociative identity disorder. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. 5-15 iStock Photo

16. Proposed changes for somatoform and dissociative disorders in DSM-V Conversion disorder is to be moved to the dissociative disorders section. A new category referred to as ‘complex somatic symptom disorder’ is to be created, including the previous diagnoses of pain disorder associated with psychological factors, somatisation disorder, undifferentiated somatoform disorder and hypochondriasis. The proposed criteria include the existence of at least one somatic symptom that is distressing and results in significant impairment in daily functioning, and that the individual manifests a high degree of preoccupation with the symptom/s. The symptom/s must have been present for at least six months. Body dysmorphic disorder is to be reclassified as an ‘Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder’, including delusional and nondelusional subtypes, eliminating the delusional variant from the ‘Psychotic Disorders’ section. For the remaining somatoform disorders (e.g., somatisation disorder), it has been suggested that they no longer be classified as mental disorders, but rather be included with other medical conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome or unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. 5-16 Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al.

17. Chapter 5 Summary Somatoform and dissociative disorders are a complex and sometimes controversial range of disorders that are difficult to categorise in that they span body and mind. The primary DSM-IV-TR somatoform disorders are conversion disorder, pain disorder, somatisation disorder, multi-somatoform disorder, hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder. Although these categories are helpful in distinguishing normal somatisation from more severe manifestations, they are limited in that they describe dimensional phenomena using categories separated by arbitrary boundaries and they perpetuate the mind– body dichotomy. In the area of somatisation, the focus is much less on symptom counting and more on understanding the psychology of the need for care, cognitive attributional styles, and the role of the health system in contributing to abnormal illness behaviour. In the future, the category of somatoform disorders may be dispensed with altogether, reducing the artificial mind–body split. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. 5-17

18. Chapter 5 Summary (continued) The primary DSM-IV-TR dissociative disorders are depersonalisation disorder, dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue and dissociative identity disorder. In terms of aetiology and treatment, most focus has been on the role of trauma in causing the fragmentation of personality characteristic of dissociative identity disorder. Although the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder has been associated with considerable controversy, available research supports its validity and its connection with trauma. Much remains to be understood regarding the dissociative disorders, particularly with regards to their treatment. Copyright © 2011 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Abnormal Psychology: Leading Researcher Perspectives 2e by Rieger et al. 5-18