1. The Progressive Movement

2. Attacks against the rich. Henry Demarest Lloyd - Wealth against Commonwealth. Standard Oil. Bloated Trusts. Thorstein Veblen - The Theory of the Leisure Class. “predatory wealth” & “conspicuous consumption.” Jacob A. Riis - How the other half lives. New York slums.

3. Muckrakers Journalism. McClures, Cosmopolitan, Collier’s, Everbody’s. Exposure of public wrongs. More democracy would cure the ills.

4. Democracy in action Initiative: A procedure whereby ordinary citizens could propose laws for consideration by their state legislatures. Referendum: A procedure whereby citizens could vote directly on whether to approve public laws. Recall: A public official could be removed from office by a direct vote of the citizens.

5. More Demo Secret Ballot: Public voting and voter records were kept until this time. Direct primary: Party candidates chosen by rank-and-file party members instead of party bosses. Direct election of US Senators: Seventeenth Amendment. (1913) Women’s Suffrage: Nineteenth Amendment. (1920)

6. Efficiency City manager system. Paid professional administrators ran the day-day affairs of the city. Centralization of decision-making process. Streamline government. Movements to eliminate government corruption.

7. Regulation of Large Corporations and Monopolies Laissez-Faire: Let the market decide. Trust-busting: Suppression of competition. Regulation: Some large corporations or monopolies are inevitable and maybe even desirable, but they need supervision. Socialism: Government should acquire ownership of large corporations and run them for the public good.

8. Social Justice Development of professional social workers. Welfare and charity work should be done by professionals. The building of Settlement Houses. Raise the standard of living by providing schools, day care centers and cultural enrichment programs. Child Labor Laws: School vice work.

9. Social Justice con’t Support for the goals of organized labor. Eight hour work day, improved health and safety conditions, workman’s compensation, minimum wage, Unionization. Prohibition laws. Eighteenth Amendment (1919)

10. Odds and ends TR’s square deal. Panic of 1907. Conservation. Election of 1908. Taft as president. Dollar diplomacy.