1. 1/7 www.caff.is Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna

2. 2/7 www.caff.is Arctic  importance to global biodiversity 14.8 million km² of land - 13 million km² of ocean Vast wilderness areas Largest global freshwater reserves (with Antarctic) Globally significant array of biodiversity The contribution of wildlife to global biodiversity is substantial.

3. 3/7 www.caff.is Arctic  importance to global biodiversity Unique and diverse indigenous cultures Life is existing on the edge of what is possible and small physical changes can be crucial for arctic ecosystems and for the worlds biodiversity. Changes in biodiversity will cause changes in economy both negative and positive

4. 4/7 www.caff.is Climate change Resource development - e.g. oil and gas exploration Increased shipping/air traffic Habitat destruction and fragmentation Invasive species Overexploitation Arctic  pressures/stressors

5. 5/7 www.caff.is Rapid warming in Arctic - worldwide implications Biota – geographical and numerical shifts Coastal communities - increasing physical exposure Less sea ice – crucial for some species Less sea Ice - increase transport and resource access Less sea Ice – problems for some local communities Melting of Greenland Ice sheet and glaciers – interruption of coastal ecosystems and ocean current Thawing - disrupts infrastructure; feeding areas shift Indigenous peoples - economic and cultural impacts Multiple interactions - impacts to people and ecosystems Arctic  Climate change (ACIA)

6. 6/7 www.caff.is What is the Conservation of Arctic Flora & Fauna (CAFF)? Working Group of the Arctic Council (one of six) Focus on biodiversity Board members from: – 8 Arctic countries – 6 Indigenous organisations Observers from: – International organisations – Non Arctic countries Secretariat in Akureyri, Iceland

7. 7/7 www.caff.is … to address the conservation of Arctic biodiversity, and to communicate the findings to the governments and residents of the Arctic, helping to promote practices which ensure the sustainability of the Arctic’s living resources … …to monitor, assess, report on and protect biodiversity in the Circumpolar Arctic CAFF  mandate

8. 8/7 www.caff.is Evaluate status and trends of biodiversity Establish baseline data Improve and enhance capacity to monitor Integrated approach to biodiversity monitoring Monitoring on a circumpolar as against national scale Analyse gaps in monitoring programs Understand changes with focused research CAFF  what will be in focus over the coming years

9. 9/7 www.caff.is Expert Groups – Seabirds, Flora & Protected Areas Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme Arctic Biodiversity Assessment Individual projects. - Endorsement of Arctic projects CAFF  how responding to these needs

10. 10/7 www.caff.is ACIA recommendation - expand & enhance long-term Arctic biodiversity monitoring International network working to improve detection, understanding & reporting of biodiversity trends A focal point for cutting edge Arctic biodiversity information …… Coordinating body of Monitoring Networks The CBMP  circumpolar biodiversity monitoring programme

11. 11/7 www.caff.is Ecosystem based management approach –Over 60 Global Partners –33 of which are Arctic networks are linked to the CBMP Led by Canada with funding from Canada, US, Finland, Sweden and Norway, Sweden and EU Expert Monitoring Groups - Terrestrial fauna, vegetation, freshwater, marine & coastal CBMP  circumpolar biodiversity monitoring programme

12. 12/7 www.caff.is Arctic Species Trend Index –Vertebrate population abundance data are being used to produce an indicator of the trends in arctic biodiversity –Time span over the last 35 years –Tracks 965 populations of 306 species –Representing 35% of all known vertebrate species found in the Arctic –Presently under review Protected Areas Workshop –To develop a circumpolar Protected Areas Monitoring Framework –Being led by the US CBMP  some upcoming activities

13. 13/7 www.caff.is Purpose: –To synthesize and assess the status and trends of biological diversity in the Arctic Baseline data: –Compile up-to-date scientific & TEK –Identify gaps in data records –Identify main stressors and key mechanisms driving change –Produce recommendations Co-leads – Greenland/Denmark, Finland and the US Arctic Biodiversity Assessment  overview (www.caff.is/aba)

14. 14/7 www.caff.is Three components: –Arctic Biodiversity Highlights Report (2010) –Scientific Assessment (2013) –Overview & Policy Recommendations (2013) Highlights Report - AC contribution to the UN International Biodiversity Year 2010 Measure progress towards the 2010 CBD target - to reduce the rate of biodiversity loss Baseline for future assessments of Arctic biodiversity Arctic Biodiversity Assessment  overview (www.caff.is/aba)

15. 15/7 www.caff.is Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010  selected indicators of change (www.caff.is/aba) SpeciesIce dependent Species Polar BearsAquatic freshwater ecosystems Reindeer/CaribouPermafrost change - Appearance and Disappearance of Lakes Shorebirds (Red Knot)Ice Cover duration (including nutrient change) Seabirds (Murres and Common Eiders)Marine Ecosystems Range changes in invertebratesChanging distribution of fish in general Flora – bryophytesSeafloor destruction Arctic CharChapter 6 – Ecosystems goods and services Invasive species – man inducedReindeer herding Emerging species – natural migrationsChanges in harvest (subsistence & commercial) The Arctic Species Trend Index (ASTI)Human footprint Terrestrial ecosystemsProtected areas Linguistic Diversity Greening of the ArcticGenetic Diversity Reproductive Phenology (including Snow Cover)Past and present bottlenecks in population genetics Lemmings Ice dependent species

16. 16/7 www.caff.is Scientific Assessment  structure (www.caff.is/aba) Species accountsTerrestrial ecosystems MammalsAquatic ecosystems BirdsMarine ecosystems Amphibians & reptilesEcosystem services FishGenetic diversity InvertebratesConservation Issues PlantsGaps & Recommendations Fungi and Lichens Diseases and Parasites Invasive species Diseases and Pathogens

17. 17/7 www.caff.is Arctic Council  Arctic Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI) A framework of spatial data, metadata, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way Supported by the mapping agencies of all 8 AC countries Addressed at upcoming AC meeting in November A sustainable approach to develop and maintain an Arctic SDI

18. 18/7 www.caff.is Photos courtesy of ARC-PIC.COM Thank you