1. GEOGRAPHY: AIN’T NO MOUNTAIN HIGH ENOUGH DBQ: How to answer scaffolding questions

2. EXAMPLES FROM THE THEMATIC ESSAY ON GEOGRAPHY YOU COULD HAVE CHOSEN…  River valley civilizations, bodies of water ( strategic location, irrigation, transportation, communication, flooding)  Bantu migrations, Vikings, Arabs, Mongols, Jewish Diaspora, Indentured servitude, Chattel slavery, migrant laborers (globalization), pilgrims, explorers( Zheng He, Columbus, Magellan, Da Gama, etc.)  Trade routes (silk routes, Trans-Sahara, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean, Pacific Ocean, Black Sea, Roads like Rome, Royal and Inca)  Manipulation- Chinampas, Terrace farming, quanats, cisterns, bridges, aqueducts, railroads, steamships, automobiles, highways, baths, sewer systems, paper production, calendars, metallurgy, slash and burn, hydro-electric power, wind power, fiber optics, trans-oceanic cables, papyrus, cuneiform, seismograph, buildings  Commodities- oil, salt, gold, silver, fur, sugar, silk, spices, slaves( or other coercive labor force), rare earth, hydrofracking, uranium, copper, tin, agricultural products ( wheat, corn, cereal grains, chicken, cows, pigs, chickens, champa rice, etc.)  Spread of religions- Christianity, Buddhism, Islam ( nature based religions: Polytheism, animism, Shintoism, Taoism)  Policies- mercantilism, deforestation, slash and burn, colonization, displacement, wars, genocide, diasporas, refugees, land- redistribution, mineral extraction, taxation, feudalism, encomienda, treaties ( ex. Tordesillas, Nanjing, or Versailles), collectivization, industrialization, infrastructure projects ( canals, bridges, roads, urbanization)  Natural disasters and responses: flooding, cyclones, hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, drought, famine, predatory species  Diamond: “How governments respond to natural disasters are what determines their fate” Collapse, the fate of human civilizations.

11.  6b Based on this document, state two reasons chokepoints are strategically important.  Score of 2 or 1:  Award 1 credit (up to a maximum of 2 credits) for each different reason chokepoints are strategically  important as stated in this document  Examples: they affect the flow of goods/people; they can be used during war to stop troops/goods  from leaving/entering an area; they affect the shipments of oil; international incidents  could occur if a nation takes control of a chokepoint; oil is shipped from the Persian  Gulf to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz; troops were sent through the  Strait of Hormuz during the Persian Gulf War; the Suez Canal gave Britain access to its  colonies/possessions in Asia/Australia  Note: To receive maximum credit, two different reasons chokepoints are strategically important must be  stated. For example, they affect the flow of goods and they affect the shipments of oil are the same  reason since they affect the shipments of oil is a subset of they affect the flow of goods. In this and  similar cases, award only one credit for this question.  Score of 0:  Incorrect response  Examples: Russia controlled the Bosporus and Dardanelle Straits between 1700 and 1914; all  nations have equal access to chokepoints; the United States nationalized the Suez  Canal; there are approximately 200 chokepoints throughout the world; access to the  Strait of Hormuz was a reason for the defeat of United States troops during the Persian  Gulf War; canals serve as chokepoints  Vague response  Examples: Strait of Hormuz; they are strategic; important throughout history; connects water  No response