1. The Creation of The Constitution of the United States ~The Abbreviated Version~

2. Articles of Confederation Very Weak Very Weak Very few Congressional Powers Very few Congressional Powers No Power to Regulate Trade No Power to Regulate Trade –Each state acts like its own country! No Central Court System No Central Court System –What happens when states are having disagreements? No Power to TAX states No Power to TAX states –How do they raise money for an army? No Head Executive No Head Executive –Who is really in charge here?

4. Which statement describes a characteristic of the government established by the Articles of Confederation? A. A Supreme Court had the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. B. The national government controlled interstate commerce. C. The president maintained exclusive control over foreign policy D. A system was created where the states held the most power.

5. Answer D States held most of the power D States held most of the power

6. Constitutional Convention in 1787 Let’s get together and talk about it! Let’s get together and talk about it! James Madison ~ Father of the Constitution James Madison ~ Father of the Constitution Virginia Plan Virginia Plan –Proposed creating an entirely new central government with three branches –We know there are problems, and simply modifying the Articles is not enough. We need a NEW plan! –Representation based on size of state New Jersey Plan New Jersey Plan –Congress has a single house where each state has the same number of representatives.

7. Who was the “Father of the Constitution?” A. James Madison B. Alexander Hamilton C. George Washington D. Roger Sherman

8. Answer A James Madison was the father of the Constitution A James Madison was the father of the Constitution

9. A Union Built on COMPROMISE Small states think one way, large states think another. Small states think one way, large states think another. What about slavery? What about slavery? Connecticut Compromise Connecticut Compromise –AKA Great Compromise Gave us the House of Rep. and the Senate Gave us the House of Rep. and the Senate Three-Fifths Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise –Should slaves count in determining a states population? South said yes, North said no. South said yes, North said no. Every 5 slaves=3 free citizens when counting for tax and representation purposes Every 5 slaves=3 free citizens when counting for tax and representation purposes

10. What did the Three Fifths Compromise accomplish? A. It freed all slaves north of Virginia A. It freed all slaves north of Virginia B. It broke an impasse between North and South by counting every five slaves as three free persons. B. It broke an impasse between North and South by counting every five slaves as three free persons. C. It broke an impasse between North and South by counting every three slaves as five free persons C. It broke an impasse between North and South by counting every three slaves as five free persons D. It gave the north more tax money. D. It gave the north more tax money.

11. Answer B Every Five Slaves=Three Free Persons B Every Five Slaves=Three Free Persons

12. A Framework for Limited Government Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty –Rule by the People Rather than a direct democracy, it created a representative system of government in which elected officials speak for the people. Rather than a direct democracy, it created a representative system of government in which elected officials speak for the people. Federalism Federalism –Strong central government with rights preserved by the states. Power is divided between the national and state governments.

13. What Means “Rule by the People?” A. Compromise B. Democracy C. Popular Sovereignty D. Republic

14. Answer C Popular Sovereignty C Popular Sovereignty

15. Separation of Powers Three branches of government Three branches of government –Legislative Makes Laws Makes Laws –House of Representatives –Senate –Executive Enforces Laws Enforces Laws –President –Judicial Interprets Laws Interprets Laws –Federal Courts Checks and Balances Checks and Balances –A means for each branch to monitor and limit the power of the other two.

16. Checks and Balances

17. Which is an example of the EXECUTIVE branch checking on the LEGISLATIVE branch? A. The Supreme Court determines a law to be unfair. A. The Supreme Court determines a law to be unfair. B. The president vetoes a bill passed by Congress. B. The president vetoes a bill passed by Congress. C. Congress passes a law by 2/3 vote, after it was vetoed by the president. C. Congress passes a law by 2/3 vote, after it was vetoed by the president. D. None of the above D. None of the above

18. Answer B The president vetoes a bill passed by Congress. B The president vetoes a bill passed by Congress.

19. Which is an example of the LEGISLATIVE branch checking the EXECUTIVE branch? A. Congress impeaches a president. A. Congress impeaches a president. B. The courts overthrow a law. B. The courts overthrow a law. C. The president vetoes a law. C. The president vetoes a law. D. Congress refuses to meet. D. Congress refuses to meet.

20. Answer A Congress impeaches a president. A Congress impeaches a president.

21. Federalists and Anti- Federalists Federalists Federalists –Supporters of the Constitution –Power divided between state and national government Anti federalists Anti federalists –Opponents of the Constitution Real issue was NOT that they were against a national government, it was whether a national government or state governments would be supreme Real issue was NOT that they were against a national government, it was whether a national government or state governments would be supreme

22. True or False Anti federalists were against having a central government. Anti federalists were against having a central government.

23. Answer False They were against having it have too much power, more than the states. False They were against having it have too much power, more than the states.

24. Fight for Ratification Needed to be ratified by 9 out of 13 states. Needed to be ratified by 9 out of 13 states. Delaware was first, December 7, 1787 Delaware was first, December 7, 1787 Tough in New York, where most people were anti federalist Tough in New York, where most people were anti federalist –Finally passed with a 30-27 vote Major hiccup? Major hiccup? –Lack of a Bill of Rights, and Samuel Adams would not let that go! –North Carolina and Rhode Island were the last two to ratify

25. What was the main issue surrounding the delay in ratification? A. Need for delegates to show up. A. Need for delegates to show up. B. Delaware refused to cooperate B. Delaware refused to cooperate C. Lack of Bill of Rights C. Lack of Bill of Rights D. None of the above D. None of the above

26. Answer C Lack of Bill of Rights C Lack of Bill of Rights

27. Do we have a republic or a democracy? A. Democracy A. Democracy B. Republic B. Republic How can you remember this? How can you remember this? –…and to the _____ for which it stands, one nation, under God…

28. Answer B Republic B Republic

29. Important Amendments First Ten are aka Bill of Rights First Ten are aka Bill of Rights Amendment Number One Amendment Number One –Freedom of Speech –Freedom of Religion –Freedom of Press –Right to assemble –Right to petition the government *Note: Nowhere does it say you have the right to be an IDIOT!

30. More Important Amendments Number 5 Number 5 –What do you mean when you say “I plead the fifth?” Number 6 Number 6 –Speedy and fair trial Number 10 Number 10 –Powers reserved to the states Number 13, 14, 15 Number 13, 14, 15 –Free Citizens Vote!

31. And still more… Number 18, didn’t last too long…Repealed by the 21 st amendment Number 18, didn’t last too long…Repealed by the 21 st amendment –Outlawed alcohol Number 19 Number 19 –Women Vote! 1920. Number 24, to help enforce Number 15 Number 24, to help enforce Number 15 –No Poll Tax Number 26, affects all of you very soon Number 26, affects all of you very soon –Age 18 to vote

32. Amendment that freed slaves a. 14 b. 16 c. 13 d. 15

33. Answer C 13th C 13th

34. Amendment that allowed women to vote a. 20 b. 19 c. 17 d. 6

35. Answer B 19th B 19th

36. Amendment that allows you to vote when you are 18 A. 22 B. 23 C. 25 D. 26

37. Answer D 26th D 26th

38. Amendment that gives freedom of speech A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

39. Answer A 1 st A 1 st Please note, the right of free speech does NOT give you the right to be “stupid.” For example, you cannot yell FIRE in a crowded theatre. Please note, the right of free speech does NOT give you the right to be “stupid.” For example, you cannot yell FIRE in a crowded theatre.

40. True or False Two Questions A town can, legally and without infringing on your rights, require you to obtain a permit to march on city streets. A town can, legally and without infringing on your rights, require you to obtain a permit to march on city streets. –TRUE A town can, legally and without infringing on your rights, ban all marches by certain groups it determines to be unethical. A town can, legally and without infringing on your rights, ban all marches by certain groups it determines to be unethical. –FALSE

41. YOUR RESPONSIBILITY To enjoy your rights to the fullest, you must be prepared to respect the rights of others. Respecting the rights of others also means respecting the rights of people with whom you disagree. Respecting and accepting others regardless of race, religion, beliefs, sexuality, or other differences is essential in society. To enjoy your rights to the fullest, you must be prepared to respect the rights of others. Respecting the rights of others also means respecting the rights of people with whom you disagree. Respecting and accepting others regardless of race, religion, beliefs, sexuality, or other differences is essential in society.