1. 1 Is Pay Parking Killing the High Street? Giuliano Mingardo Erasmus University Rotterdam mingardo@ese.eur.nl

2. STATEMENTS 2

3. PARKING IS IMPORTANT FOR RETAIL 3

4. THE AVAILABILITY OF PARKING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE CUSTOMERS’ CHOICE WHERE TO GO SHOPPING 4

5. PARKING FEES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE CUSTOMERS’ CHOICE WHERE TO GO SHOPPING 5

6. 6 CAR DRIVERS ARE BETTER CUSTOMERS [SPEND MORE MONEY] THAN CUSTOMERS TRAVELLING BY OTHER MODES

7. 7 CUSTOMERS BY CAR CAN CARRY MORE THINGS THAN CUSTOMERS BY OTHER MODES

8. THE MAJORITY OF CUSTOMERS USE THE CAR TO REACH THE SHOPPING AREA 8

9. QUESTION 9

10. Which customer would you prefer? Let’s assume for a moment that there are two famous Italians walking in your shopping area; You can only choose one of them to enter your shop; Which one would you prefer? 10

11. The two famous Italians are… 11 Name: Mario Balotelli Profession: Footbal player Yearly Income: € X,000,000 Name: Giuliano Mingardo Profession: Researcher Yearly Income: € X0,000 Children: 0 [living at home] Children: 3 [living at home]

12. 12 Trunk: 576 - 1951 dm 3 Almost 2 cubic meters!! Trunk: 0 - 230 dm 3 Max 0,2 cubic meters!! 10% of Giuliano’ s car Giuliano’ s car Balotelli’ s car (one of)

13. PARKING AND RETAIL – SOME FIGURES 13 Data from +180 shopping areas in the Netherlands

14. How to read the next slides… 14

15. 15 Strong (positive) relationship between A and B No relationship between A and B

16. RANDSTAD (NL) 16 PARKING SCORE SCORE CAR ACCESSIBILITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCORE PARKING AND SCORE CAR ACCESSIBILITY

17. RANDSTAD (NL) 17

18. CARBIKE WALK PT TURNOVER M2 MODAL SPLIT CAR MODAL SPLIT BIKE MODAL SPLIT WALKMODAL SPLIT PT

19. Do Parking tariffs Explain Turnover (for Daily Goods)? Very small R² of regression No causal relationship; model not significant

20. Does Parking Capacity Explain Turnover (for Daily Goods)? R² is zero! No causal relationship

21. Does Parking Capacity Explain Turnover (for Non-Daily Goods)? Very small R² of regression No causal relationship

22. Do Parking tariffs Explain Turnover (for Non-Daily Goods)? Very small R² of regression No causal relationship

23. Reasons for choosing the shopping area 23

24. Can't see the wood for the trees if someone can't see the wood for the trees, they are unable to understand what is important in a situation because they are giving too much attention to details 24

25. THANK YOU Go raibh maith agaibh Giuliano Mingardo mingardo@ese.eur.nl 25