1. Place in order from smallest to largest:
Biome
Biosphere
Community
Ecosystem
Population
Species

2. Day 1
Objective
I can explain the relationship between animals and the biosphere

3. The Biosphere

4. What is the Biosphere?
Combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water and atmosphere
Extend from 8-km above Earth’s surface to 11-km below the surface of the ocean.

5. Levels of Organizations
Species
Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
Population
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

6. Community Ecosystem Biome
All the different populations that live together in a defined area
Ecosystem
Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment
Biome
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities

7. Ecosystems
Influenced by a combination of
biotic and abiotic factors

9. Biotic vs. Abiotic Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
The biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem
Ex: birds, trees, mushrooms, and bacteria
Abiotic Factors
Physical or nonliving factors that shape ecosystems
Ex: temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, nutrient availability, soil type, and sun light

10. What is a Biome?
Areas that have distinctive climates and organisms

11. What are the Major Land Biomes?
Tropical Rain Forest
Temperate Forest
Taiga
Savanna
Temperate Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Mountain

12. How are Biomes Named? According to their plant life
Plant life determine which organisms live there

13. Organisms in Biomes
Plants & animals have adapted to specific environments
Threatened by human activities

14. Water Ecosystems Either Freshwater or Marine Freshwater = no salt
Marine = salt water

15. Freshwater Ecosystems
Includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and wetlands
Distinguished by:
Depth of the water
How fast the water moves
Availability of mineral nutrients, sunlight, and oxygen

16. Marine Ecosystem Identified by the presence of salt water
Includes estuaries, coral reefs, oceans and ice caps

17. Day 2
Objective
I can describe: human interactions with organisms and the interactions with each other

18. What is Biodiversity?
Term used to indicate the number and types of species on Earth
There are now an estimated 1.5 million species of living organisms

19. Why is Biodiversity important?
Earth’s greatest natural resource
Species of many kinds have provided us with:
Food: beef, chicken, salad
Industrial Products: paper, rubber
Medicines: painkillers, antibiotics, anticancer drugs

20. How can humans reduce biodiversity?
Altering habitats
Hunting species to extinction
Introducing toxic compounds into food webs
Introducing foreign species to new environment

21. Habitat Alteration
When land is developed, natural habitat may be destroyed
Habitats supply organisms what they need
Habitat destroyed means that organisms will die
Ex: Florida Panther

22. Introduced Species Invasive Species
Non-native animals that thrive in new territory where they are free of predators, diseases, or resource limitations that may have controlled their population in their native habitat
Can cause the extinction of native species
Ex: Pythons in Florida

23. Extinction
Occurs when a species disappears from all or part of its range
Caused by habitat destruction, introduced species, and hunting
Endangered Species
If a species numbers have fallen so low that it is likely to become extinct

24. Endangered Species Act
Began in 1973
Protect plants and animals near extinction
Protect the land where the organism lives
Helps to bring the organisms population up

25. What Eats What in an Ecosystem
Producers
Makes its own food
Plants, trees, algae
Consumers
Gets energy by eating other organisms
Animals

26. Herbivore Carnivores Omnivore Only eat producers
Cows, sheep, deer, grasshoppers
Carnivores
Only eat other consumers
Lions, hawks, spiders
Omnivore
Eat both producers and consumers
Bears, pigs, humans

27. What is a Food Chain
A sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another

28. What is a Food Web? A group of interrelated food chains No one path
Shows feeding relationships in an ecosystem

29. What is a Trophic Level?
Each step in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem
Each time energy is transferred, less of it is available to organisms at the next trophic level
Producer Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers

30. Day 3
Objective
I can explain the effect Man has had on the earth

31. Land Use: Mining Strip Mining Mountain Top Removal Subsurface Mining
Land Reclamation
Law states one must put back two times as much as mined

32. Land Use: Agriculture Practices
Old Methods
Summer fallows (rest field for a season)
Spraying the fields with water
Pesticide spraying methods
Salinization

33. Newer Methods No till Methods Contour Farming Terracing Alley Cropping
Cover Crops
Integrated Pest Management

34. Land Use: Industrial Clear cut land to place industrial plants
Hazardous waste produced
Thermal Pollution: water too hot
Chemical waste entering water system

35. Land Use: Housing and Development
New subdivisions are cropping up due to the population growth in areas
Land is cleared for commercial use
Retail businesses
Medical facilities

36. Overgrazing
Occurs when animals are allowed to graze in areas and the plants are not allowed to grow back
Poorly managed agriculture practices

37. Deforestation
Removal of a forest or stand of trees for a fuel source (charcoal) or timber
Conversion of forestland to farms, ranches & subdivisions
2011 half of the world’s forest were destroyed

38. Forest Fire vs. Wild Fire
Controlled burns by the forestry service every 4 to 7 years
Wild Fire
Created naturally or by man that destroys the forest

39. Effects of Fires
More fires bring warmer spring and summer temperatures
More burning forests produces more CO2 in the air
Global Warming

40. Day 4
Objective
I can explain the benefits and effects of Urbanization

41. What is Urbanization?
The movement of people from rural areas to cities
Depend on resources outside the city

42. Why are big cities growing?
Increase in birth rates
Immigration
Poor are moving to larger cities and away from rural areas

43. How are cities growing Cities have grown from 2% to 45% since 1950
By 2050, 66% of all people in the world will live in urban areas
75% of the U.S. population lives in urban areas occupying 3% of the country’s land area

44. Effect of Cities Heat Island
The enormous amount of heat is in the center of the city
3º to 5º C (5º--9ºF) higher than the surrounding countrysides

45. Benefits of Urban Development
Better education system
Medical services
Social Service programs

46. Problems of Urban Development
Infectious diseases
Inadequate water system
Poor sewer systems
Exposure to pollution

47. Population Growth US has over 300 million people
Growth is determined by biotic potential and carrying capacity

48. What is Carrying Capacity?
Is the maximum population a habitat can support indefinitely
Population exceeds it, for long periods, degrades its environment and reduces future carrying capacity