1. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY “Between the Wars”

2. Enfranchisement of WOMEN 1917- Russia women receive very limited voting rights  Essentially no real influence 1918- Great Britain: women receive limited suffrage  1928- complete women’s suffrage 1919-Germany: women’s suffrage under the Weimar Republic 1920- United States: Women’s suffrage ratified into the Constitution

3. Socialist in TWO Camps Communists  Extreme left  Associated with Moscow Social Democrats  Revisionist Marxists  Relied on parliamentary means for reform

4. Rise of European Dictators Benito Mussolini  Italy, 1922  First of the post- WWI European Dictators  Father of Fascism Lenin was to bring the first single-party state

5. Communism in Germany “Spartacists”  Communists attempted to bring about proletariat revolution in Germany in 1919  Crushed by Provisional Government (prior to Weimar Republic)  Communist Party of Germany (KPD)

6. GermanUnrest “diktat”- a dictated peace  German term illustrating the resentment towards the Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Repallo-1922  Trade and military training relationship b/w Germany and USSR  Germans use relationship to “secretly” keep military training, strategy and technology fresh  Helped USSR industrialize  Government ideologies fundamentally different

7. German Economy 1923- Suffered severe INFLATION  Government printed money to offset economic problems after WWI  Made money worthless  4 trillion paper marks = $1 1929- Suffered severe DEPRESSION  Dawes Plan helped boost economy with US investment  Great Depression in US has big effect on Germany economy

8. Focus on Peace Treaties at LOCARNO: 1925-European powers signed agreements indicating international good will and assurances against war- “Spirit of Locarno”  Germany guaranteed safe frontiers to France and Belgium  GB promises aid if French and Belgium frontiers compromised by Germany  Does not promise same to Poland and Czechoslovakia… 1928-Briand-Kellogg Pact of Paris  65 nations condemned war as a solution to international controversies  Affirmed nations renouced war as instrument of national policy

9. End of Ottoman Empire 1908-1919- Turks fought for nationalism as the Empire collasped Imperialist endeavors of Europeans influenced heavy nationalist revolution led by army officer Mustapha Kemal –also attributed with westernizing Turkey  Turkish Republic  Western clothing  Separation of church and state Constantinople become Istanbul Capital moved to Ankara