1. Introduction to ANATOMY
Terminology
Anatomical Position
Basic Movements
Ten Biological Systems

2. TERMINOLOGY Anatomy Physiology Exercise Physiology
– a branch of science that deals with the structural organization of living things how they are built and what they consist of.
The structure of the body and its organs
Physiology
– is concerned with basic processes such as reproduction, growth, and metabolism as they occur within the various systems of the body.
How all the parts of the body function
Exercise Physiology
– a branch of physiology, exercise physiologists concentrate their research specifically on how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it during exercise.

3. Time to Move and Try This!
Divide into groups of three/four and write out the directions for an individual to perform the following task;
Do a single leg squat
Stand in a stork stand
Do a stride jump

4. Time to Move and Try This!
OK! Let’s compare our directions
Volunteer to perform task described by member of another group

5. Time to Move and Try This!
So what is the problem?
We are not speaking in the same terms!

6. THE ANATOMICAL POSITION
Universally accepted standard starting point for describing the body.
UNIVERSAL CONSISTENCY when discussing anatomy so that all people know exactly what is being discussed no matter what country or language.
diagrams that portray the body in an upright, standing position, face and feet pointing forward, with arms at the side, and the forearms fully supinated (with palms facing forward).

7. THE ANATOMICAL PLANES
the anatomical planes relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another.
Posterior
Medial
Superior
Lateral
Medial
Anterior
Lateral
Inferior
Frontal Plane
Transverse Plane
Sagittal Plane

8. ANATOMICAL PLANES
Transverse Plane – “divides” the body into superior and inferior segments.
Sagittal Plane – “divides” the body into medial and lateral segments.
Frontal or Coronal Plane – “divides” the body into anterior and posterior segments.

9. Antero-posterior Axis
THE ANATOMICAL AXES
the general rule is that the axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement. Axes deal with the direction of movement at joints.
Horizontal Axis
Antero-posterior Axis
Longitudinal Axis

10. THE ANATOMICAL AXES
Longitudinal or polar axis – is in the “north-south” relationship to the anatomical position
Horizontal or bilateral axis – is in the “east-west” relationship to the anatomical position.
Antero-posterior axis – is in a “front-to-back” relationship to the anatomical position.

11. Relationship between Planes and Axes
Axis of Rotation
Plane of Motion
Example
Horizontal
Sagittal
Flexion, extension
Longitudinal
Transverse
Rotation of extremities, axial rotation
Antero-Posterior
Frontal
Abduction, adduction

12. Describing Position and Movement
Anterior / Posterior
Superior / Inferior
Medial / Lateral
Proximal / Distal
This is the time to start a glossary. In your note books write down the terms and find the definitions. Make sure you don’t only write them down but you know how to demonstrate them.

13. BASIC MOVEMENTS flexion / extension abduction / adduction
internal / external rotation
circumduction
supination / pronation
protraction / retraction
dorsiflexion / plantar flexion
eversion / inversion
elevation / depression
opposition / reposition

14. Helpful Hints
In the anatomical position, all flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane; all abduction/adduction occurs in the frontal plane; and all rotation occurs in the transverse plane.
More involved movements are usually not in one specific plane but occurs as a combination of motions from more than one plane.

15. The Ten Biological Systems of the Human Body
The Skeletal System
Supports the body, protects vital organs, works in conjunction with the muscles to cause movement.
The Muscular System
Consists of 3 types of tissue: skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
The Respiratory System
Consists of the lungs and the airways leading to them.
The Circulatory System
Serves to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body and remove waste products from it.
The Nervous System
Oversees all the other systems and acts as a kind of control centre.

16. The Reproductive System
The Digestive System
Allows the body to break down food into simpler substances so they can enter the blood stream.
The Reproductive System
Consists of specialized organs that allow males and females to reproduce.
The Immune System
Helps to defend the body against infection and disease.
The Endocrine System
Consists of glands that secrete hormones that regulate various activities (metabolism, growth, development).
The Urinary System
Allows the body to eliminate waste products and regulate its water and chemical balance.