1. Climate Change Pre-Quiz 1.What is the “greenhouse effect”? 2.What are examples of greenhouse gases? 3.Is climate change natural or human- made? How do we know? 4.What are the effects of climate change? 5.Are climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer related?

2. Is this evidence of global warming?

3. No shadow Shadow No shadow = early spring Shadow = 6 more weeks of winter Is this evidence of global warming?

5. Greenhouse Gases Water vapor (H 2 O) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Methane (CH 4 ) Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Ozone (O 3 )

6. Do all greenhouse gases have the same effect on atmospheric temperature?

7. Global Warming Potential Certain GHGs are more effective at warming the Earth than others 2 most important factors: –How well the gas absorbs energy –How long the gas stays in the atmosphere Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a measure of the total energy that a gas absorbs over a particular period of time (usually 100 years), compared to CO 2

9. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2011

10. The Great Recession

11. Natural Sources of Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide and PM from volcanic eruptions Methane from decomposition in low-oxygen environments Nitrous oxide from denitrification Water vapor from evaporation and evapotranspiration

12. Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases Burning fossil fuels releases CO 2 Agricultural practices release methane, nitrous oxide, and CO 2 Deforestation increases CO 2 Landfills release methane Industrial production releases CFCs

15. Total U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector in 2011

16. Greenhouse Effect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCA60 WnoMk&list=PLi_1unC2AWvBgO2QcF9pf nWlyg4MemHAwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCA60 WnoMk&list=PLi_1unC2AWvBgO2QcF9pf nWlyg4MemHAw

17. Comparing Emissions Which country emits the most CO 2 ? Which country emits the most CO 2 per capita?

18. Comparing Emissions

19. CO 2 Emissions Per Capita http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore ?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&met_y=en_atm_co2 e_pc&idim=country:CHN&dl=en&hl=en&q =china%20co2%20emissionshttp://www.google.com/publicdata/explore ?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&met_y=en_atm_co2 e_pc&idim=country:CHN&dl=en&hl=en&q =china%20co2%20emissions

20. CO 2 Heat Trapping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- RTLU4VTZ9o&list=PLi_1unC2AWvBgO2 QcF9pfnWlyg4MemHAwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- RTLU4VTZ9o&list=PLi_1unC2AWvBgO2 QcF9pfnWlyg4MemHAw

21. Global Temperature Change Since 1880, temperatures have increased 0.8°C

23. Global Temperature Change http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF5Fxp edVlw&list=PLi_1unC2AWvBgO2QcF9pfn Wlyg4MemHAwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF5Fxp edVlw&list=PLi_1unC2AWvBgO2QcF9pfn Wlyg4MemHAw

24. CO 2 Concentration Throughout History

29. How do we know what the climate was like thousands of years ago?

30. Ice Cores http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NENZ6 TSc1fo&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NENZ6 TSc1fo&feature=player_embedded

31. Melting Ice Caps

32. Melting Arctic Ice Cap http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 8bHufxbxc8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 8bHufxbxc8

33. Ice Sheets Losing Mass

34. Rising Sea Levels

35. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKoch_i Eos8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKoch_i Eos8

40. What problems will climate change cause?

43. What do you think? Should developing countries be held to the same CO 2 emissions standards as developed countries? Things to consider: –How did developed countries become so wealthy? –Which countries are to blame for climate change? –Will strict CO 2 standards inhibit growth in developing countries? –Will developing countries be able to afford costly new technology?

44. Kyoto Protocol In 1997, representatives of the nations of the world went to Kyoto, Japan to discuss how best to control the emissions contributing to global warming The agreement was that emissions of greenhouse gases from all industrialized countries will be reduced to 5.2% below their 1990 levels by 2012 Developed nations agreed to different levels of emissions restrictions (U.S. – 7%, European Union – 8%, Russia – 0%) Developing nations did not have emission limits imposed by the protocol

45. Kyoto Protocol Though the U.S. signed the protocol, it was never ratified by the Senate Therefore, the protocol is not legally binding in the U.S. and we do not need to abide by it The U.S. is the only developed country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/12/20 /pol-kyoto-protocol-part-one-ends.htmlhttp://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/12/20 /pol-kyoto-protocol-part-one-ends.html

46. Climate Change Awareness In 2007, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Al Gore "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"