2. Modes of CAI Dr. Ennis-Cole CECS 5020

3. Designing Lesson Sequences 1. Fixed Lesson Sequences 2. Avoid Unnecessary Information 3. Review Past Information

4. Creating Instructional Sequences Tutorials Drill & Practice Instructional Games Simulations Hybrid Designs

5. Modes and Designs of CAI Modes and Designs of CAI b Tutorials Present New information, skills, or conceptsPresent New information, skills, or concepts Self-ContainedSelf-Contained Verification and ReinforcementVerification and Reinforcement Well-Defined ObjectivesWell-Defined Objectives Appropriate FeedbackAppropriate Feedback Direct Students, Guide ResponsesDirect Students, Guide Responses Expectations Stated EarlyExpectations Stated Early

6. Advantages of Tutorials Factual Information, Simple Discriminations, Rules, Applications of Rules, Learners Pace Themselves

7. Limitations of Tutorials b 1. Design Time b 2. Difficulty Teaching High-Ordered Skills b 3. Duplication of Instruction b 4. Complexity and Practicality

8. Drill & Practice Advantages b Practice well-defined Skills b Offer Immediate Feedback b Avoid Unchecked Error Responses b Clear Directions b Assume Basic Information was Taught Elsewhere b Minimize Unrelated Narrative and Procedural complexity

9. Limitations of Drill & Practice b 1. Electronic Flash Cards, Responses only b 2. Process Remains Uncovered b 3. Limited Potential b 4. Additional Student Guidance

10. Advantages of Simulations b 1. Alternative Teaching Systems b 2. Cause-and-Effect Relationships can be Studied, Thinking, Evaluation b 3. Eliminate Danger, difficulty b 4. Scenarios, High-fidelity images, Believable Circumstances b 5. Emphasis on Processes, Procedures

11. Disadvantages of Simulations b b Problem Sophistication b b Cost Issues   Lesson Design

12. Instructional Games b b Advantages: Competition, Develop, Reinforce, and refine aspects of learning Well understood, Provides explicit guidelines and participatory rules Attractive and motivational

13. Instructional Games b b Disadvantages: Entertainment Value Incongruent Reward Structure for Incorrect Answers Minimal Incidental Learning Excessive Use of Computing Power

14. The End b “That’s all folks...”