1. Warm up: What is the kinetic molecular theory, and how does temperature affect the behavior of particles in a gas?

2. Objective:  Students will be able to explain, on the molecular level, how heating and cooling affect the density of water  The purpose: is to know water on Earth is distributed and circulated through oceans, glaciers, rivers, ground water, and the atmosphere and The physical characteristics and changes of solid, liquid, and gas states can be explained using the particulate model

3. Discussion  what is the particle model of matter?  All matter is made up of particles that are much too small to be seen. The particles are always in motion. They vibrate, rotate, and (in liquids and gases) move from place to place. The particles have empty spaces between them

4. New seats  Point manager  5 points for each person that turns in work (homework checker)  20 points for clean room and no writing on desks  5 points for each person that answers questions  End of the month celebration

5. Demonstration:  I am going to try to place one jar filled with hot colored water upside down over another jar with cold colored water.  Make a prediction:  Do you think the hot and cold water will mix or stay separate?  http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter3/lesson6#hot_water _on_cold_water http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter3/lesson6#hot_water _on_cold_water

6. Discussion:  Why do you think the hot water stayed on top of the cold water?  Make a prediction: What might happen if you placed the cold blue water on top of the hot yellow water and then removed the card?  Why do you think the hot and cold water mixed when the cold water was placed on top?

7. One person per group (2 of you) get:  Hypothesis: Is there a density difference between hot and cold water?  Materials for each group  Cold water (colored blue) in foam cup  Hot water (colored yellow) in foam cup  Room-temperature water in clear plastic cup (colorless)  2 droppers

8. Me:  Add ice to water to make very cold water. Half-fill one foam cup with cold water (no ice cubes) and another with hot water for each group.  Add 2 drops of yellow food coloring to the hot water and 2 drops of blue food coloring to the cold water.  Fill a clear plastic cup about ⅔ of the way with room-temperature water.  Distribute the set of 3 cups to each group.

9. Worksheet Fill one dropper with blue cold water. Poke the end of the dropper about halfway into the colorless room-temperature water. While observing from the side, very gently squeeze the dropper so that the cold water slowly flows into the room-temperature water. Fill another dropper with yellow hot water. Poke the end of the dropper about halfway into the room- temperature water. While observing from the side, very gently squeeze the dropper so that the hot water slowly flows into the room-temperature water. Record your observations on the activity sheet

10.  3. Draw what you observed in the cup of room-temperature water after adding blue cold water and yellow hot water.   Be sure to label the areas of cold and hot water.   Is cold water more, less, or the same density as room-temperature water?   Is hot water more, less, or the same density as room-temperature water?   In the animation, you saw water molecules being heated and cooled.   5. Use what you know about density to answer the following questions.   Why does cold water sink in room-temperature water?   Why does hot water float on room-temperature water?   6. Your teacher did a demonstration with two cups of water that both had food coloring on the bottom. Ice was placed in one cup of water, but not the other.  The food coloring mixed more quickly in the cup that had the ice.  Use what you know about the density of water at different temperatures to explain why this happened.

11. Discussion:  What did you notice when you placed the cold blue water in room- temperature water?  Is cold water more, less, or the same density as room-temperature water? About hot water What did you notice when you placed the hot yellow water in room-temperature water? Is hot water more, less, or the same density as room-temperature water?

12. Notes  http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter3/lesson6#cold_ and_hot_water http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter3/lesson6#cold_ and_hot_water  The molecules of cold water move slower and are a little closer together than the hot or room-temperature water.  When the water is cooled, the water level falls slightly in the graduated cylinder.  In the animation, you saw that as water is cooled the water level goes down. Cold water has a smaller volume, but the mass stays the same. What does this tell you about the density of cold water?  How does this help explain why cold water sinks in room-temperature water?

13. Notes extended  In the animation, you saw that as water is heated the water level rises. Hot water takes up more volume, but the mass stays the same. What does this tell you about the density of hot water?  How does this help explain why hot water floats on room temperature water?  Article reading