1. Chapter 2 Native Texans
Chapter Notes

2. Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1
Create a foldable with three flaps. The title of the foldable is:
Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1
Here are the titles for each flap:
Paleolithic Era
Archaic Era
Late Prehistoric Era
Look on pages and list the following things about each era:
The year of the era, what type of weapons were used, and what type of food they ate.

3. Chapter 2 Section 1 Vocabulary
hunter-gatherers- People who lived by finding wild plants and animals.
prehistory- The time before written records.
Archaeologist- People who study the past by looking at artifacts.
artifacts- Objects that people left behind.
pictographs- Pictures painted on rock.
petroglyphs- Pictures carved on rock.
pemmican- A mixture of meat with nuts and berries.
atlatl- A hand-held spear thrower.

4. Prehistoric People

5. Between 30,000 B.C. and 12,000 B.C.
Early humans crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia to Alaska.

6. They talk quietly as they pick wild berries
They talk quietly as they pick wild berries. The group of men, women, and children number fewer than 20. They have been here only a few days. Like their parents and grandparents, they have spent their lives wandering and living off the land. Because they are on foot, their only possessions are what they can carry. They follow the seasons and the ripening of the wild plants they eat. One day, people will call their descendants Indians. People will call this land Texas.

7. The First Americans

8. Learning about the Past

9. Paleolithic Era

10. Paleolithic Era (11,000 B.C.-6,000B.C.)
Native Americans used spears to hunt large slower animals.
They saved the meat by mixing it with nuts and berries.
Climate change made the large animals disappear.

11. Archaic Era

12. Archaic Era (6,000B.C.-A.D.700)
Native Americans used an atlatl (hand-held spear thrower) to hunt smaller, faster animals.
They gathered nuts and fruit.
Some fished.
Some settled in villages and farmed.

13. Tools

14. Late Prehistoric Period

15. Late Prehistoric Era A.D. 700-1500s)
Native Americans in East and West Texas farmed
Those on the plains hunted buffalo, using bows and arrows.

16. Chapter 2 Section 1 Quiz
1. In this era, Native Americans used an atlatl in order to catch smaller, faster animals.
2. These are objects that people left behind.
3. In this era, Native Americans used bows and arrows to hunt buffalo.
4. In this era, a climate change made large animals disappear.
5. These are carvings on the wall.

17. The Southeastern People Chapter 2 Section 2
band- Two or more extended families under one leader.
extended families- Parents, children, and parents’ grand-children living together.
tribe- Several bands that follow the same leader.
confederacies- Alliances of people who unite for a common purpose.
tipis- A cone-shaped tent made with poles and animal skin.

18. Organized Culture

19. Caddo People

20. Caddo People Organization Daily Life Confederacies Most advanced
Lived in villages and farmed
First lived in the Piney Woods of East Texas.
Daily Life
Men worked with women
Deerskin clothing
Buffalo skin in winter
traded pottery and hunting bows for shells.

21. Caddo Hut

22. Atakapan People

23. Atakapan People Daily Life
The Bidais built permanent houses and grew corn
Hunting was more important to the Akokisas because the land was swampy and bad for farming
Fished from canoes made out of hollowed out logs

24. Wichita People

25. The Wichita Peoples
They lived along the Red River and later moved to Kansas.
For protection, they joined the Tawakonis, Wacos, and Wichitas.
They were shorter and darker than other Indian groups.
They were farmers who ate corn, squash, beans, melons, and plum trees.
In winter, they lived in Tipis and hunted for food.

26. Chapter 2 Section 2 Quiz
A family that consists of parents, children, and parents’ grand-children.
A cone-shaped tent made with poles covered with animal skin.
This group lived in the Piney Woods of East Texas.
This group joined three other tribes for protection.

27. The Plains Cultures of Texas

28. The Plains People

29. Chapter 2 Section 3 Vocabulary
hereditary- Passed down from parent to child.
nomads- People who wander from place to place for food.
allies- People who help each other to benefit them both.

30. The Tonkawas

31. The Tonkawas
Lived in the Edwards Plateau west of Austin and San Antonio.
They were pushed east by Comanches and Apaches.
They were hunters (buffalo) and gatherers.

32. The Apaches

33. The Apaches

34. The Apaches Two groups of Apaches lived in Texas.
Mescaleros Apaches lived in West Texas as hunters (buffalo) and gatherers.
Lipan Apaches lived in the panhandle hunting buffalo and deer. In winter, women grew crops of beans, corn, pumpkins, and watermelon.
They were among the first Indian group to ride horses.
Name Apache came from a Zuni word apachu (enemy)

37. The Comanches

38. The Comanches
They first lived in Wyoming and later appeared in the Texas Panhandle in the 1700s.
They were skilled hunters, riders, and fighters.
At least 13 bands of Comanches roamed the Texas Plains.
They lived in tipis and hunted the buffalo.

39. The Comanches
Quanah Parker, famous Comanche chief was the son of Comanche Chief Peta Nocona and Cynthia Ann Parker, a white girl taken captive during 1836
Cynthia Ann Parker was recaptured, along with her daughter
She had spent 24 years among the Comanche, however, and thus never readjusted to living with the whites again

40. The Kiowas

41. The Kiowas Lived in north Texas (Panhandle)
They were enemies with the Comanches but became allies.
They were nomads who hunted buffalo, rode horses, and lived in tipis.

42. Chapter 2 Section 3 Quiz.
1. This tribe was forced into eastern Texas by the Comanches and Tonkawas.
2. This tribe was given a Zuni word that meant enemy.
3. These are people who wander place to place in search of food.
4. This is when people help each other to benefit them both.
5. This tribe had a celebration called the Sun Dance.

43. The Puebloan and Western Gulf People

44. Chapter 2 Section 4 Vocabulary
pueblo- Large Native American homes made of adobe.
adobe- A mixture of wet clay and straw that is made into bricks and dried in the sun.
kiva- A large room used for meetings and religious ceremonies.

45. Jumano

46. Jumanos Settled near the Pecos River and Rio Grande River.
They lived in adobe pueblos.
Men farmed even thought this area had little water.
They grew corn, beans, and squash.
They were forced to move by the Apaches in late 1600s.

47. Concho (Chizos)

48. Conchos
Lived in the southeastern part of Texas (Presidio). The rest lived in Mexico.
They lived in huts covered with grass or animal skins.
Women farmed and gathered food while the men hunted and fished.
Joined the Jumanos in a revolt against the Spanish.

49. Tiguas

50. Tiguas Settled in Ysleta, near modern day El Paso.
They lived in adobe pueblos.
Men farmed and hunted while women helped with the farming.
Built a structure called a kiva for religious purposes.
They later blended Catholicism with their own religion.

51. Chapter 2 Section 4 Quiz
1. This is a mixture of wet clay and straw that was made into brick.
2. This is a large room used for meetings and religious ceremonies.
3. This group settled between the Pecos River and the Rio Grande River.
4. This group joined the Jumanos in a revolt against the Spanish.

52. The Western Gulf Peoples

53. Chapter 2 Section 5 Vocabulary
missionaries- A person sent to a place to convert (change) its people to a new religion.
reservations- Land that is set aside by the government for Native Americans to use.

54. Western Gulf People

55. Coahuíltecans

56. Coahuíltecans Lived in the southwestern part of Texas.
They were hunter-gatherers since there were few animals in the area.
They lived in huts by bending young trees and covering them with animal hides.
Since the food supply was so little, they ate snakes, lizards, worms, spiders, and insects.
When time were difficult, they even resorted to eating rotten wood.

57. Similar to the Coahuíltecans

58. Karankawas

59. Karankawas
They lived in the southeastern part of Texas near the Gulf of Mexico.
They fished as well as hunted and gathered food.
Many had died due to new diseases brought by the Spanish.
By the 1800s all of the Karankawas were gone.

62. Native Americans Today
There are 100,000 Native Americans in Texas today.
Most Indian groups in Texas came from somewhere else.

63. Chapter 2 Section 5 Quiz
1. This is a person who tries to convert people to a new religion.
2. This group lived in southwestern Texas and later ate spiders and rotten wood.
3. This is land set aside by the government for Native Americans to use.
4. This group lived on the southeastern part of Texas.
5. This is the only group from the past that still lives in Texas.