1. Culture Group: Southeastern Physical Region: Coastal Plains CADDO WICHITA CHEROKEES

2. HOMES Wikiup - beehive structure made of long poles, animal skins and grass

3. TOOLS/WEAPONS Pottery Woven baskets Bow and arrow Trotlines for fishing Bone tools and utensils

4. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 2 large confederacies Men and women could be council leaders (Caddo) Caddoes - eldest female head of family

5. FOOD corn, beans, squash, fish, sunflowers, berries, figs, plums, etc.

6. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Permanent homes Farmers - very food rich enviroment Wichitas - semi nomadic Cherokees - written language

7. Culture Group: Coastal Plains Physical Region: Coastal Plains Karankawa Coahuiltecan

8. HOMES Cone shaped Made of willow branches and hides with reed mats

9. TOOLS/WEAPONS Animal traps Pottery/woven baskets Bow and arrow Dugout canoe

10. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Small family tribes

11. FOOD Deer, beans, nuts, berries, spiders, ant eggs, worms, lizards, snakes, roots, scallops, turtles, fish, alligator, locust, bear

12. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Use alligator grease as mosquito repellant Tatooed Nomadic (hunters & gathers) Cannibals - ate enemies believing it gave them strenth

13. Culture Group: Plains Culture Physical Region: Great Plains/North Central Plains Comanches Kiowas Apaches Tonkawa

14. HOME Tipis and wikiups

15. TOOLS/WEAPONS Bows & arrows Lance and shield Tool and utensils made from bone, wood, or metal

16. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Council that made decisions for tribes All tribes moved down Texas from the north

17. FOOD Bear, buffalo, turkey, geese, antelope, elk, deer, roots, nuts, berries

18. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Painted tipies and shields Nomadic (hunters and gathers) mostly warrior/ raider societies

19. Culture Group: Pueblo Phicsical Region: Mountains & Basins Tiguas Jumanos

20. HOMES Flat roof, collect rainwater in pottery Adobe structure (bricks made of clay and grass, then dried) Cool in summer, warm in winter

21. TOOLS/WEAPONS Sled Bone tools Bow and arrow Pottery

22. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Council of leaders who made decisions for the tribe

23. FOOD Corn, mesquite beans, squash, cactus fruit

24. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Tatooed Farmers Created irrigation canals to water crops

25. Wichita Tribe Located in North Central Texas along the Red R. and Brazos R.

26. Wichita Housing Round huts made out of grass and poles. Floor made from ash and clay. Dug motes around the house to keep water out.

27. Wichita Food Sources Corn, beans, squash, and pumpkin Buffalo occasionally

28. Wichita Appearance Loin cloth Heavily tattooed around the eyes Animal skin skirts

29. Unusual Facts about the Wichita Held religious ceremonies when building homes. History of the tribe was passed down orally by the Grandparents. Cradleboards were used by the women to carry infants.

30. Jumano Tribe Located in the Mountains and Basins region of Texas.

31. Jumano Housing Single story, adobe brick homes built partially underground.

32. Jumano Food Sources Corn, beans, squash, cactus tuna, mesquite bean.

33. Jumano Appearance Loin cloth Animal skin clothing Packed mud on their head to stay cool

34. Unusual Facts about the Jumano Due to dry conditions in west Texas, Jumano’s irrigated water to their crops. Painted inside their house with red, black, and yellow paints. Very peaceful tribe.