1. Day 30: Volcanism
Objective:
Warm-Up
You will use the theory of plate tectonics to explain the changes that occur in the earth’s surface. (Volcanism)
KWL Chart about volcanoes (3 for each column) I will call on 9 people to fill in the chart on the IWB so be ready!

2. REVIEW PLATE TECTONICS
Day 30: Volcanism
Objective:
Warm-Up
You will use the theory of plate tectonics to explain the changes that occur in the earth’s surface. (Volcanism)
REVIEW PLATE TECTONICS

3. (4 Sentences OR 8 Bullets)
Volcanoes 101
After the video clip, you will be asked to SUMMARIZE the video clip. Be sure to include the main points.
(4 Sentences OR 8 Bullets)

4. Volcano Terminology (Volcanism)
Vulcan – Roman god of fire and metalworking. Lived under mount Etna . Mountains which spit fire were known as volcanoes.
 Volcano – Landform that develops on the surface of the earth where magma and gases erupt through a vent.
 Magma – molten rock. Intrusive (inside the earth)

5. Volcano Terminology (Volcanism)
Lava – molten rock. Extrusive (outside, on the surface)
 Volcanology – the study of volcanoes.
 Volcanologist – a scientist who studies volcanoes

6. How do Volcanoes Form?
Volcanoes form two ways – Plate tectonics and Hot spots.

7. Plate tectonics – convergent plate boundaries (colliding)
ocean / continental –volcano
ocean / ocean – island arc
The ocean plate in both cases is subducted beneath the other plate.
The ocean plate is melted. Forms magma.
The magma rises.
The rising magma puts pressure on the surface causing it to dome upward, forming a volcano.
The volcano erupts if the pressure continues. 

8. Plate tectonics – convergent plate boundaries (colliding)
ocean / continental –volcano
ocean / ocean – island arc
Subduction Zone

9. Hot Spots
An area in the mantle where magma is created and continuously rises to the surface.
It is believed that a hot spot is responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian Islands.

10. WHERE ARE VOLCANOES FOUND:
 Volcanoes are usually found near convergent plate boundaries.
Ring of fire – An area which encircles the Pacific Ocean where there is a great deal of volcanic activity.
Fissure – a crack in the Earth’s surface where lava flows out from. Similar to a volcano only the crust does not dome upward.

11. Ring of Fire- Pacific Plate
Think Back: What is happening to the Pacific plate? Why?

12. Fissure

13. Closure
What types of plate boundaries result in the formation of volcanoes?
The Pacific plate is shrinking because it is being subducted on all sides. What is the boundary’s nickname?

14. Objective
You will use the composition, size and eruption type of volcanoes in order to classify volcanoes
Match the following terms:
Vulcan A. molten rock intrusively
Volcanologist B. molten rock extrusively
Volcanology C. Roman god of fire
Lava D. Person who studies volcanoes
Magma E. The study of volcanoes

15. Types of Volcanoes

16. Viscosity
The resistance to flow. Substances which do not flow easily have a high viscosity. (HONEY or MOLASSAS)
Substances which flow easily have a low viscosity.

17. Types of Eruptions: Silica- high viscosity- violent eruption
Violent Eruptions-Explosive
Quiet Eruptions
Silica- high viscosity- violent eruption
Water- low viscosity- quiet eruption

18. Volcanic Activity: Active
Volcanoes which have erupted during recent times.

19. Volcanic Activity: Dormant
Volcanoes that have not erupted in recent times but show some signs of volcanic activity.

20. Volcanic Activity: Extinct
Volcanoes which have not erupted during recorded history and do no seem capable of erupting.

21. VOLCANIC FEATURES

22. Pipe or Vent: Magma Chamber
Vertical tunnels extending from the magma chamber to the surface of the earth.
The channel or pathway the lava flows during an eruption.
Area below the surface where magma collects

23. Plume Pyroclastic Rock
A large volcanic dust cloud which occurs during a violent eruption.
Contains pyroclastic rock and gases.
Any rock formed when lava or solid rock erupts explosively
Types of Pyroclastic Material:
Fine ash
Coarse ash
Cinders
Volcanic bombs

24. Ash Flows Glowing cloud
a mixture of volcanic ash, gases, and pyroclastic particles that flows rapidly along the earth’s surface at speeds up to 300 km/hr. EXTREMELY HOT!

25. Caldera
A large circular hole that forms when part of the volcano collapses into the magma chamber after an eruption

27. Closure
1. How are cinder cone volcanoes formed? What is its explosion type?
2. Provide some of the characteristics of a shield volcano? What is its explosion type?
3. Why does a composite volcano have alternating layers of ash and lava? What is its explosion type?