1. Chapter 33 Substance Abuse

2. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 2 Substance Abuse Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco abuse is a serious problem. The government has spent billions to eradicate illicit drug use, with little success.

3. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 3 Definition of Terms Substance misuse  Improper use of prescribed drugs or other chemicals Substance abuse  Unacceptable use of drugs or other chemicals for recreation

4. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 4 Habituation and Dependence Habituation  Pattern of repeated substance abuse Substance dependence  Person cannot function without the use of a substance

5. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 5 Dependence Psychological dependence  A compulsive need to feel the effect of the abused drug Physical dependence  When the body cannot function physiologically without the abused substance

6. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 6 Addiction and Tolerance Addiction  Person’s loss of control over chemical use Tolerance  Amount of the substance used has to be increased to achieve desired effect

7. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 7 Abused Drugs Heroin Cocaine Opiates Central nervous system depressants Alcohol Central nervous system stimulants  Ecstasy Marijuana (cannabis) Psychedelic agents Tobacco Inhalants

8. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 8 Abused Agents Several of the abused agents are discussed in this presentation.

9. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 9 Opiate Abuse Includes morphine, codeine, meperidine, methadone, propoxyphene (Darvon), and hydromorphone HCl (Dilaudid)  Effects: produces a rush, euphoria, tranquility, mental clouding, respiratory depression, and sleepiness Pupil constriction is a common effect and is easily detected.

10. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 10 Sedative-Hypnotics Include diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), oxazepam (Serax), barbiturates  Effects: produces sedation, drowsiness, slurred speech, impaired judgment, lethargy, and uncoordinated movements

11. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 11 Alcohol Abuse Effects: depresses the central nervous system; produces relaxation and mood elevation With increased intake, produces impaired judgment, slurred speech, slowed reaction time, poor motor coordination, and poor balance (continues)

12. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 12 Alcohol Abuse If intake increases, the person loses his or her memory and demonstrates completely uninhibited behavior; can result in unconsciousness. (continued) (continues)

13. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 33 - 13 Effects of alcohol consumption on the brain (continued)