1. ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 8
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2. ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 8 emphasizes those areas of anatomy most concerned with the embalming process.
Chapter 8 is going to tell us about our vessel selection options.
Chapter 9 is closely related in that we will learn the process in selecting the vessels we will be using. So learn chapter 8 well.

3. Anatomical Position Defined
The subject is standing erect, the arms are at the sides with the palms of the hands facing the observer, the feet are together and the subject is facing the observer.

4. Definitions
Anatomical Guide- A method of locating a structure, such as an artery or vein, by referencing to an adjacent known or prominent structure.
Linear Guide- A line is drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure.

5. Definitions
Anatomical Limit- The point of origin and point of termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures.
Remember that blood in the veins flows in the direction opposite of blood in the arteries to the anatomical limit and the linear guide for the veins would be the opposite of their respective arteries.

6. Surface features of the Neck
You should be able to locate the following:
Clavicle
Mandible
Angle of the Jaw
Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone
Hyoid Bone
Sternum
Sernoclavicular Articulation
Suprasternal Notch
Thyroid Cartilage of the larynx

7. Surface features of the Neck
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
If you don’t know where these features are located you can reference your Anatomy and Physiology textbook for a review.
And you all thought that Anatomy and Physiology was useless?

8. Anterior Triangle Includes
Hyoid Bone
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
The sheath that covers all of this is called the platysma.

9. Common Carotid Artery
Linear Guide- From the sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the base of the ear lobe.
Anatomical Guide- The right and left common carotid arteries are located posterior to the medial border of the SCM Muscle.

10. Common Carotid Artery
Anatomical Limit- It beings at the level of the right sternoclavicular articulation and ends at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.
Origins- The right common carotid is a terminal branch of the brachiocephalic artery. The left is a branch off the aorta.

11. Common Carotid Artery
Branches- there are no branches of the right or left common carotid, except the terminal bifurcation into the right and left internal and external carotid arteries.
The internal jugular vein lies lateral and superficial to the common carotid artery.

12. The Axillary Artery
Linear Guide- Through the center of the base of the axillary space to a point over or through the center of the lateral border of the base of the axillary space.
Anatomical Guide- it is just behind the medial border of the corcobrachalias muscle.

13. The Axillary Artery
Anatomical limit- from a point beginning at the lateral border of the first rib and ends at the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle.
Origin- It is a continuation of the subclavian artery.
The axillary artery is located lateral and deep to the axillary vein.

14. Brachial Artery
Linear Guide- From the center of the lateral border of the base of the axillary space to a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the elbow joint
Anatomical Guide- Lies in the bicipital groove at the posterior margin of the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle.

15. Brachial Artery
Anatomical Limit- Begins at the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle and ends at a point inferior to the antecubital fossa.
Origin- It is a continuation of the axillary artery.
The accompanying basilic vein is located medial and superficial to the brachial artery.

16. Radial Artery
Linear Guide- from the center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger.
Anatomical Guide- Lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpiradialis muscle and just medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle.

17. Radial Artery
Anatomical Limit- from a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the base of the thumb.
Origin- Originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery.
Two small veins lie on both sides of the artery.

18. Ulnar Artery
Linear Guide- The center of the antecubial fossa on the forearm to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers.
Anatomical Guide- Just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
Anatomical Limit- From a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the pisiform bone.

19. Ulnar Artery
Origin- originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery.
Two small veins lie on either side.

20. External Iliac Artery and Vein
It is a continuation of the common iliac artery.
It extends to a point under the center of the inguinal ligament.
The artery lies exactly at this ligament lateral to the external iliac vein.
This artery is used to embalm the lower extremities of an autopsied body.

21. Inguinal Region
The inguinal region is an area below the inguinal ligament in which the femoral vessels are found.

22. Femoral Triangle
The inguinal ligament is the base and the sides are the medial border of the sartorius muscle and the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle.

23. The Femoral Artery
Linear Guide- On the thigh from the center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial prominence of the knee.
Anatomical Guide- passes through the center of the femoral triangle and is bound laterally by the medical border of the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductor longus muscle.

24. The Femoral Artery
Anatomical Limit- From a point bend the center of the inguinal ligament o the opening in the adductor magnus muscle.
Origin- it is a continuation of the external iliac artery.
The vein is superficial to the femoral vein.

25. The Popliteal Artery
Linear Guide- Center of the superior border of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity to the center of the inferior border of the popliteal space.
Anatomical Limit- From a point beginning a the opening of the adductor magnus muscle to the lower border of the popliteus muscle.

26. The Popliteal Artery
Origin- it is a continuation of the femoral artery.
The vein lies posterior and medial to the artery.

27. Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries
Linear Guide- The anterior is from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint. The Posterior is from the center of the popliteal space to a point mid-way between the posterior border of the tibia and the calcaneus tendon.

28. Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries
Anatomical Guide- The anterior is in a groove between the tibialis anterior muscle and the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle. The posterior is between the posterior border of the tibia and the calcaneus tendon.

29. Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries
Anatomical Limit- The anterior starts at the beginning of the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point in from of the middle of the ankle joint. The posterior starts from a point beginning at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point over and between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus of the respective foot.

30. Dorsalis Pedis
Linear Guide- from the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first and second toes.