1. CONFLICT, ACCESS TO LAND AND COCA CULTIVATION IN COLOMBIA Washington D.C. March 2015

2. 1.Overview: current location of illicit crops in Colombia 2.Regional distribution of permanency coca fields 3.Tendency of the illicit crops through the years 2001-2013 4.Special Territorial Units – STU- and coca fields 5.Land-tenure in coca crop zones (Pacific Region) 6.Programme «Alliance Good Governance» in Department of Nariño 7.Colombian Peace Process – Item No. 1: Land Reform 8.Conclusions Agenda

3. Less conditions for establishment and preservation of national security and law enforcement Less chances of development capacity Illicit crops fields Main cities at night

4. Descending and persistent tendency of illicit crops in Colombia due to the maintenance of certain territorial conditions in some areas of the country.

5. 144.807 102.071 86.331 80.348 85.750 77.870 98.899 80.953 79.139 61.812 63.762 0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000 140.000 160.000 2001200220032004200520062007200820092010 2011 COCA Has 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Coca 2001 144.807 Hectares COCA CULTIVATION IN COLOMBIA 2001-2013 2012 47.790 2012 48.189 2012 2013 Coca 2002 102.071 Hectares Coca 2003 86.331 Hectares Coca 2004 80.348 Hectares Coca 2005 85.750 Hectares Coca 2006 77.870 Hectares Coca 2007 98.899 Hectares Coca 2008 80.953 Hectares Coca 2009 79.139 Hectares Coca 2010 61.812 Hectares Coca 2011 63.762 Hectares Coca 2012 47.790 Hectares Coca 2013 48.189 Hectares The problem of illicit crops in Colombia Source: UNODC - SIMCI

6. Special Demographical Groups : 9155 ha. (16,21%) Forest Reserve : 18.555 ha. (40,86%) National Parks : 3791 ha. (9%) Indigenous Reserves: 4.018 ha.(12,23%) Special Territorial Units - STU Source: UNODC – SIMCI 2013 Coca cultivation in Colombia

7. Source: “Estructura económica de las unidades productoras agropecuarias en zonas de influencia de cultivos de cacao Pacífico, Meta – Guaviare, Putumayo – Caquetá y Orinoquía 2009-2010” TOTAL SAMPLE WITHOUT LAND OWNERSHIP 68% OWNER 32% Nariño Without land ownership:38% With Ownership:62% LAND-TENURE IN COCA CROP ZONES PACIFIC REGION

8. Facts supporting the Process of Land- tenure Formalization under Alternative Development Interventions 3.426 Million (COP) Invested by the Ministry of Justice / UNODC /UACT 1715 Targeted families Government’s intervention based upon a vulnerability perspective towards Regional Development Consolidation of territories Consolidation of territories to decrease the production (supply) of drugs. 2 municipalities selected with integral approach Cumbitara and Los Andes, Nariño Cumbitara and Los Andes, Nariño. 5 A 5 Allied Institutions (Ministry of justice, UNODC, UACT, Incoder, SuperNotariado y Registro ) “Alianza del Buen Gobierno ” (Good governance alliance) LAND-TENURE FORMALIZATION: A trial intervention to Support Alternative Development Case: Nariño

9. Colombian Peace Process Peace talks Agenda 1.Land Reform 2.Political participation 3.End of the conflict 4.Illegal drugs 5.Rights of victims 6.Peace deal implementation

10. Colombian Peace Process Peace talks Agenda 1.Land Reform 2.Political participation 3.End of the conflict 4.Illegal drugs 5.Rights of victims 6.Peace deal implementation

11. Colombian Peace Process 1.Land Reform : "Towards a new Colombian countryside: rural comprehensive reform". Access of land use. Unproductive land. Formalization of the land-tenure. Agricultural land determination and reserve areas protection. Development programs with a territorial approach. Infrastructure and land adjustment. Social development: health, education, housing, poverty alleviation. Encouraging agricultural production and cooperative and solidarity economy. Technical assistance. Subsidies. Credits. Income generation. Marketing. Labor formalization. Food and nutrition policies.

12. Integral plans of development with participation of the communities. Environmental recovery of the areas affected by illicit crops. Programs of prevention of the consumption and public health. Solution to the phenomenon of production and commercialization of drugs. Colombia Peace Process Solution to problem of the illicit drugs – the 4th point Agreements Perspectives: of the territory, of vulnerability, differentiating, integral intervention, with community participation and strengthening of the local capacities ¿Esta queda?

13. CONCLUSIONS The land-tenure is one of the biggest challenges of the Drug Policy in Colombia. Restoring and protecting the rural families’ rights would be reflected in the rescue of traditional Colombian values. Belonging to a consolidated community and guaranteeing their ownership of shelter and a decent way of life. The formalization process of land tenure must be framed under a comprehensive rural development policy. Only through efficiency in the process of formalizing land tenure, regional issues and liabilities could be resolved.

14. Javier Flórez Drug Policy Director National Ministry of Justice Bogota, Colombia Javier.florez@minjusticia.gov.co