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4. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 3 Experts advise it...

5. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 4 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Virus shed through saliva - bite wounds Rarely shed through maternal antibodies No known prevention No known cure FIV positive cats do not always show symptoms!

6. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 5 FIV: Course of Infection Stage 1 - 4-6 weeks post exposure transient illness (Fever, neutropenia, lymphadenopathy-enlarged lymphnodes) Stage 2 - Prolonged latency - several months to years - symptoms do not necessarily appear Stage 3 - Terminal phase - weight loss, recurrent UTI, gingivitis, oral lesions, anemia, etc..

7. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 6 Feline Leukemia Virus Transmitted HORIZONTALLY through saliva, urine, feces, sharing water bowls or litter boxes Transmitted VERTICALLY transplacentaly, milk Vaccination against FeLV available but NOT100% effective DOES NOT PREVENT SPREAD OF DISEASE IN PREVIOUSLY INFECTED CATS NO proven effective treatment

8. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 7 Outcome of FeLV Exposure Uninfected 28% - Uninfected Resistant to infection Insufficient exposure Transiently Infected 42% - Transiently Infected FeLV eventually eliminated within 6-9 months post exposure 30% Persistently Viremic Mortality usually within 3 years

9. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 8 FeLV: Course of Infection 1. 2-4 days post exposure: Virus localized to point of entry (oral and nasal cavities). 2. 1-14 days post exposure. Monocytes and lymphocytes become infected 3. 3-12 days post exposure. Virus infects the spleen and lymphnodes. Some cats may be capable of synthesizing antibodies and eliminate virus before it affects bone marrow

10. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 9 FeLV infection course - continued 4. 7-21 days post exposure. Virus affects bone marrow and intestinal cells. 5. 14-28 days post exposure. Virus liberated from bone marrow and will be in circulatory neutrophils and platelets. Cat is contagious. 6. 28-56 days post exposure. Virus can be found in saliva, tears, feces, urine, and milk. Cat is contagious.

11. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 10 SNAP® Feline Combo FeLV Detects P27 at stage 2 Could be a transient stage Confirmation testing required by a different methodology Confirmatory testing needs to be less sensitive and more specific ( IFA or virus isolation at the external laboratory ) Early detections allows isolation of cat and also preventative care This approach minimises spread and maximises recovery of transient cats. Internal Use Only – Training Dept.

12. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 11 There are no distinguishing differences between the two diseases. You cannot tell from Hematological/Biochemical changes which disease (if any) is present. Not knowing the status: treat the symptoms, not the underlying cause may allow for transmission of FeLV and/or FIV to other cats Why should “at-risk” cats be tested with FeLV/FIV? Knowing the status: enables you and the owner to better prevent secondary infection

13. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 12 Research supports it... FeLV/FIV infection rate among sick cats In a 1994 nationwide study involving 166 veterinary clinics (testing 1,996 cats) certain combinations of clinical signs were seen to be strong predictors of FeLV/FIV infection in cats. FEVER & SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES 50% WEIGHT LOSS & ABSCESSES 55% ABSCESSES & DEHYDRATION 63% FEVER & GINGIVITIS 55% FEVER & ABSCESSES 53% WEIGHT LOSS & SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES 51% ABSCESSES & SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES 46% More than 25% of cats showing any symptoms can be positive for FeLV or FIV.

14. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 13 Gingivitis FeLV? Behavior Change Weight Loss Diarrhea Persistent Infections Abscesses Fever Stomatitis Bordetella? FIP? Upper Respiratory? FIV? These signs These signs….. …are associated with?...

15. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 14 What is a sick cat? However, cats often hide illnesses and may only show minor changes if infected with FeLV/FIV: Behavior Sleeping Eating/drinking habits Grooming Posture These clinical signs can be latent or subtle Dr. Richard Ford, DVM, MS, Professor of Medicine, Dip. ACVIM, North Carolina State University

16. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 15 What is an “at-risk” cat? Cat’s that have not been tested. Cat’s that live in multi-cat households. Cat’s that go outside. Intact Male Cats. Aggressive Cats. Indoor cats that “escape” occasionally and spend time outdoors. Cats with an unknown history.

17. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 16 How can a vet determine if a cat is at- risk? Get a complete history. Does the Cat currently go out? Has the cat ever been outside unattended? Has the cat ever been exposed to cats of unknown history? Has the cat belonged to the current owner since birth? Has the cat ever been tested in the past?

18. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 17 -FeLV -FIV FeLV/FIV NEGATIVE result... Repeat test for sick cats Repeat after suspected exposure (3-4 months post - due to seroconversion) Repeat after any new cat is introduced to household or there is possible of exposure to cat of unknown history Dr. Richard Ford, DVM, MS, Professor of Medicine, Dip. ACVIM, North Carolina State University

19. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 18 Are Veterinarians testing all Sick Cats?

20. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 19 FeLV/FIV POSITIVE result... Strongly suggests infection Repeat testing with serum or plasma Confirm with IFA Determine treatment plan Inform client of what to watch for Strongly suggest infection Confirm with Western blot Determine treatment plan Inform client of what to watch for +FeLV +FIV Dr. Richard Ford, DVM, MS, Professor of Medicine, Dip. ACVIM, North Carolina State University

21. ©2000 IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. 107561- 20 Is a positive result a death sentence? FIV positive cats can live a full life. New supportive care treatments for positive FeLV cats can help these cats survive longer. Supportive care incorporates other products that the clinic sells into their client’s daily routine such as: Prescription diets Support products such as Vitamins Treat secondary diseases