1. Chapter 5 Drugs Drug dependence & Types of Drugs

2. Drug Dependence & Types of Drugs Objectives: 1. Students will be able to compare and contrast psychological and physical dependence. 2. Students will be able to name and classify the commonly abused drugs.

3. Introduction What is a drug? A natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects. A natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects. Importance to forensic science? 75% of evidence evaluated by crime labs is drug related. 75% of evidence evaluated by crime labs is drug related.

4. Drug Dependence Factors affecting drug dependence include: Nature of the drug Nature of the drug Route of administration Route of administration Dose Dose Frequency of administration Frequency of administration An individual’s rate of metabolism An individual’s rate of metabolism

5. Drug Dependence Non-drug factors affecting drug dependence include: Personality of the user Personality of the user Expectations about drug use Expectations about drug use Society’s attitudes and possible responses Society’s attitudes and possible responses Setting in which the drug is used Setting in which the drug is used

6. Drug dependence Psychological dependence: The conditioned use of a drug caused by underlying emotional needs Physical dependence: Physiological need for a drug brought about by its regular use and characterized by withdrawal sickness when administration of the drug is abruptly stopped.

7. Types of Drugs Narcotic – a drug that induces sleep and depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate Narcotic – a drug that induces sleep and depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rateIncludes: Opiates-morphine, heroin, codeine Synthetic opiates-methadone, oxy-contin Analgesics- substances that decrease pain.

8. Types of Drugs Hallucinogen-a substance that induces changes in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods Hallucinogen-a substance that induces changes in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moodsIncludes: Marijuana, LSD, PCP

9. Types of Drugs Depressant-a substance that slows down, or depresses, the functions of the central nervous system Depressant-a substance that slows down, or depresses, the functions of the central nervous systemIncludes:Alcohol Barbiturates (“Barbitals”, Quaalude) Anti-psychotic/anti-anxiety drugs (Miltown, Librium, Valium) Inhaled volatile substances (glue, gasoline, etc.)

10. Types of Drugs Stimulant-a substance that speeds up, or stimulates, the central nervous system Stimulant-a substance that speeds up, or stimulates, the central nervous systemIncludes:Amphetamines/methamphetaminesCocaine/Crack

11. Types of Drugs Club drugs-synthetic drugs often used at clubs, bars, etc. Club drugs-synthetic drugs often used at clubs, bars, etc.Includes: MDMA (Ecstasy) GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) Rohypnol (“Roofie”) KetamineMethamphetamine

12. Types of Drugs Anabolic Steroids-synthetic compounds chemically related to the male sex hormone testosterone that are used to promote muscle growth Anabolic Steroids-synthetic compounds chemically related to the male sex hormone testosterone that are used to promote muscle growth