1. Citations, Direct Quotes, Paraphrases…What does it all mean? If you don’t know now, you will If you don’t know now, you will

2. Direct Quotes Direct Quotes Direct quotes are parts of a sentence, an entire sentence, or several sentences that are copied directly from a text. This is a legal way to borrow information. Direct quotes are parts of a sentence, an entire sentence, or several sentences that are copied directly from a text. This is a legal way to borrow information. These sentences are copied exactly as they are written and put inside quotation marks. These sentences are copied exactly as they are written and put inside quotation marks. Quotation marks let the reader know the information was copied exactly as it was written. This means spelling, punctuation, etc., is exactly the same as the original. Quotation marks let the reader know the information was copied exactly as it was written. This means spelling, punctuation, etc., is exactly the same as the original.

3. What a direct quote looks like on paper. “ Despite its sharp teeth, Pegomastax africanus was an herbivore that scurried about in search of plants” (“Looking Sharp” 4). “ Despite its sharp teeth, Pegomastax africanus was an herbivore that scurried about in search of plants” (“Looking Sharp” 4).

4. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is also a way to legally borrow information. Paraphrasing is also a way to legally borrow information. However, no quotation marks are required. However, no quotation marks are required. The factual information is borrowed, but put into the writer’s own, very different wording and writing style. The factual information is borrowed, but put into the writer’s own, very different wording and writing style. Information that comes from four sentences or more should be paraphrased. It is too hard to paraphrase short passages accurately. Information that comes from four sentences or more should be paraphrased. It is too hard to paraphrase short passages accurately.

5. What a Paraphrase Looks Like on Paper. Recently, a new dinosaur has been found. It is called a Pegomastax africanus and was supposedly the size of a cat. It was an herbivore and was said to have very sharp teeth (“Looking Sharp” 4). Recently, a new dinosaur has been found. It is called a Pegomastax africanus and was supposedly the size of a cat. It was an herbivore and was said to have very sharp teeth (“Looking Sharp” 4).

6. Citations Citations In-text citations are put after a direct quote or paraphrase. In-text citations are put after a direct quote or paraphrase. The author’s last name and page number from where the information was borrowed are put inside of parentheses. The author’s last name and page number from where the information was borrowed are put inside of parentheses. If an author is not given, the title of the article is put inside the parentheses, along with the page number. If an author is not given, the title of the article is put inside the parentheses, along with the page number. CITATIONS must be used, otherwise you have plagiarized, which is illegal. CITATIONS must be used, otherwise you have plagiarized, which is illegal. Citations let the reader know that you have borrowed information. If you do not include a citation, you are saying the information is yours and that you did the primary research. This is STEALING and is ILLEGAL! Citations let the reader know that you have borrowed information. If you do not include a citation, you are saying the information is yours and that you did the primary research. This is STEALING and is ILLEGAL!

7. Works Cited Page Works Cited Page The works cited page contains a complete list of sources that you borrowed information from. If you cited information from a source and used it in your paper, the source MUST be listed on the works cited page!! If it is not, the source information cannot be used. The works cited page contains a complete list of sources that you borrowed information from. If you cited information from a source and used it in your paper, the source MUST be listed on the works cited page!! If it is not, the source information cannot be used.

9. Let’s Practice Let’s Practice Turn to page 6, in your Junior Scholastic Magazine. Read the article, “Can Tigers & Tourists Coexist?” by Kathy Wilmore. Write a direct quote that answers: Why was the tiger ban lifted? Turn to page 6, in your Junior Scholastic Magazine. Read the article, “Can Tigers & Tourists Coexist?” by Kathy Wilmore. Write a direct quote that answers: Why was the tiger ban lifted? Write a paraphrase about why the tigers are endangered. Write a paraphrase about why the tigers are endangered.