1. Social Reform #6, cont. Unsafe Working Conditions/Child Labor –Fewer Hours –Higher Wages –Safer Factories –Unions

2. Mar. 25, 1911 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory operated on the top 3 floors of the 10 story Asche Building in New York City

3. Notice that the tallest ladders owned by the fire dept. only reach the 6 th floor In 1911, Unsafe working conditions lead to a deadly fire

4. Rather than burn alive in the swift moving fire, many women jump from windows

6. This is actually a photo of the building after the fire! Note how there is very little damage on the outside of the building

8. Eight months after the fire, a jury acquitted the factory owners, of any wrong doing. Twenty-three individual civil suits were brought against the owners of the Asch building. On March 11, 1913, three years after the fire, the owners settled. They paid 75 dollars per life lost. This tragedy led to a push for comprehensive safety and workers compensation laws.

9. Final Survivor Rose Freedman 18 years old (2 days away) Died February 2001 at the age of 107. Escaped by climbing up onto the roof

10. Social Reform #7 Early Civil Rights Movement African Americans were still fighting for basic rights guaranteed to them in the Constitution

11. Problems African Americans Faced Voter Restrictions –Poll Tax – Pay a fee to vote –Literacy Test – prove you could read & write to vote –Grandfather Clause – exempts a group of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before law was passed

12. Problems African Americans Faced Jim Crow Laws – System of laws that segregated public services by race

13. Problems African Americans Faced Plessy v. Ferguson – “Separate but Equal” (1896) –Supreme Court ruled against Homer Plessy saying segregation was legal as long as separate facilities were equal

14. Problems African Americans Faced Lynching – mob’s illegal seizure & execution of a person, usually by hanging

15. African American Leaders Booker T. Washington – encouraged African Americans to become educated & learn a trade Wanted to work slowly and diligently towards rights – nothing radical

16. African American Leaders W.E.B. DuBois – encouraged Top 10% of African Americans to attend college & become leaders; Also started the N.A.A.C.P.

17. African American Leaders NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People –Worked through courts to gain equal rights for African Am.

19. Our Progressive Presidents Theodore Roosevelt Republican Youngest President Took office after McKinley was assassinated BIG PERSONALITY

20. What Does TR Do? Led fight to dissolve 40 monopolies and became known as “trust buster“ Promised a “Square Deal" or a fair shake for the average citizen. It includes: –Development of the FDA –Conservation of land

21. William Howard Taft Republican Promised to continue TR’s ideas Tried but lacked TR’s energy Our Progressive Presidents

22. William Taft Initiated 80 antitrust suits (more than TR!) Established the Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad rates Submitted for review amendments for a Federal income tax and the direct election of Senators

23. 1912 Election

24. Woodrow Wilson Democrat Prohibits child labor. Calls for an eight- hour day for railroad workers. Eventually supports Women’s Suffrage. Our Progressive Presidents