1. 4- The First Amendment Mrs. Cox Paisley IB Magnet Civics/Economics

2. First Amendment Freedoms Soon after the Constitution was ratified, a Bill of Rights was added. These ten amendments guarantee people’s civil liberties, or their rights to think and act without fear of the government. The First Amendment protects five basic American freedoms. Soon after the Constitution was ratified, a Bill of Rights was added. These ten amendments guarantee people’s civil liberties, or their rights to think and act without fear of the government. The First Amendment protects five basic American freedoms.

3. First Amendment Freedoms Freedom of religion allows Americans to worship as they choose. Congress may not establish a national religion. Also, it may not make laws that cause people of any religious group to be treated differently from those of other religious groups. Freedom of religion allows Americans to worship as they choose. Congress may not establish a national religion. Also, it may not make laws that cause people of any religious group to be treated differently from those of other religious groups.

4. First Amendment Freedoms Freedom of speech lets Americans express their ideas without fear of punishment by the government. Freedom of speech lets Americans express their ideas without fear of punishment by the government.

5. First Amendment Freedoms Freedom if the press means that Americans may express their ideas in books, newspapers, magazines, and other forms of media. The government cannot practice censorship, or ban media that contains information the government dislikes or disagrees with. Freedom if the press means that Americans may express their ideas in books, newspapers, magazines, and other forms of media. The government cannot practice censorship, or ban media that contains information the government dislikes or disagrees with.

6. First Amendment Freedoms Freedom of assembly lets Americans join groups or attend meetings, provided they remain peaceful. Freedom of assembly lets Americans join groups or attend meetings, provided they remain peaceful. Freedom to petition the government allows citizens to inform government leaders about their opinions and needs. Freedom to petition the government allows citizens to inform government leaders about their opinions and needs.

7. First Amendment Limits Although the First Amendment gives Americans important freedoms, citizens are not free to do or say whatever they want. The government must protect the rights of all individuals. Therefore, the government cannot allow any one citizen to do or say something that harms another. Although the First Amendment gives Americans important freedoms, citizens are not free to do or say whatever they want. The government must protect the rights of all individuals. Therefore, the government cannot allow any one citizen to do or say something that harms another.

8. First Amendment Limits For example, Americans have the freedom of speech and the freedom of the press. These freedoms do not include lying about other people. Spreading lies is a crime. If lies are spoken, the crime is called slander. If the lies are written, the crime is called libel. Americans also have the freedom to petition the government, but they do not have the right to overthrow the government or to encourage riots. For example, Americans have the freedom of speech and the freedom of the press. These freedoms do not include lying about other people. Spreading lies is a crime. If lies are spoken, the crime is called slander. If the lies are written, the crime is called libel. Americans also have the freedom to petition the government, but they do not have the right to overthrow the government or to encourage riots.

9. First Amendment Limits As members of a democracy, Americans must use their civil liberties responsibly. They means they should not do or say anything that gets in the way of the rights of other people. For example, you may listen to the type of music you like, but you should not turn the volume up so loudly that it keeps your neighbors from sleeping. As members of a democracy, Americans must use their civil liberties responsibly. They means they should not do or say anything that gets in the way of the rights of other people. For example, you may listen to the type of music you like, but you should not turn the volume up so loudly that it keeps your neighbors from sleeping.

10. First Amendment Limits The rights of one person must be balanced against the rights of the community. When these rights conflict with each other, the rights of the community often come first. The rights of one person must be balanced against the rights of the community. When these rights conflict with each other, the rights of the community often come first.

11. The Bill of Rights 4-2 The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments guarantee the right to fair legal treatment. The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments guarantee the right to fair legal treatment. Thanks to the Fourth Amendment, soldiers, government leaders, and police officers cannot search homes, cars, or other property without a search warrant. Thanks to the Fourth Amendment, soldiers, government leaders, and police officers cannot search homes, cars, or other property without a search warrant.

12. The Bill of Rights 4-2 The Fifth Amendment guarantees due process, or the right to expect the government to follow legal procedures when judging someone’s guilt or innocence. It also protects people from double jeopardy, which means being tried more than once for the same crime. The Fifth Amendment guarantees due process, or the right to expect the government to follow legal procedures when judging someone’s guilt or innocence. It also protects people from double jeopardy, which means being tried more than once for the same crime.

13. Protecting the Rights of the Accused The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a defense lawyer. It also gives the right to a speedy trial by a jury of peers in the same place the crime took place. The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a defense lawyer. It also gives the right to a speedy trial by a jury of peers in the same place the crime took place. The Eighth Amendment protects the accused person from unfair amounts of bail, or money that a person pays as a promise to return to court for trial. It also protects people convicted of crimes from “cruel and unusual punishments.” The Eighth Amendment protects the accused person from unfair amounts of bail, or money that a person pays as a promise to return to court for trial. It also protects people convicted of crimes from “cruel and unusual punishments.”

14. Other Protections Along with various First Amendment freedoms, Americans have other civil liberties guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. Along with various First Amendment freedoms, Americans have other civil liberties guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. The meaning of the Second Amendment has been debated. Some people think that this amendment guarantees only that each state can keep a militia, or a small group of volunteer solders. The meaning of the Second Amendment has been debated. Some people think that this amendment guarantees only that each state can keep a militia, or a small group of volunteer solders.

15. Other Protections Others believe that the amendment means that individual citizens can keep and use weapons. In general, the courts have ruled that the government can control private weapons, but not ban them. Others believe that the amendment means that individual citizens can keep and use weapons. In general, the courts have ruled that the government can control private weapons, but not ban them.

16. Other Protections The Third Amendment has little meaning today. However, before the American Revolution, British soldiers lived with private citizens. The Third Amendment generally bars this practice. The Third Amendment has little meaning today. However, before the American Revolution, British soldiers lived with private citizens. The Third Amendment generally bars this practice.

17. Other Protections The Seventh Amendment deals with civil lawsuits, or the agreements among people. As with people charged with crimes people who file lawsuits have the right to a jury trial. The Seventh Amendment deals with civil lawsuits, or the agreements among people. As with people charged with crimes people who file lawsuits have the right to a jury trial.

18. Other Protections The authors of the Bill of Rights knew that it was impossible to list all rights of citizens in a single document. For this reason, they wrote the Ninth Amendment to remind Americans that they have rights beyond those listed in the Constitution. The authors of the Bill of Rights knew that it was impossible to list all rights of citizens in a single document. For this reason, they wrote the Ninth Amendment to remind Americans that they have rights beyond those listed in the Constitution.

19. Other Protections Finally, the Tenth Amendment states that any powers not given to the national government belong to the states. This rule keeps the national government from becoming too powerful. Finally, the Tenth Amendment states that any powers not given to the national government belong to the states. This rule keeps the national government from becoming too powerful.

20. 4-3 Extending the Bill of Rights Although the Bill of Rights was intended to protect civil liberties, it did not do so for all Americans. Three amendments-the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth- grew out of the Civil War and extended civil liberties to African Americans. Although the Bill of Rights was intended to protect civil liberties, it did not do so for all Americans. Three amendments-the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth- grew out of the Civil War and extended civil liberties to African Americans.

21. Civil War Amendments The Thirteenth Amendment freed thousands of African Americans, but it did not give them full rights as citizens. Many states in the South passed laws called “black codes” that stopped African Americans from exercising civil liberties. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment ended this practice by defining a citizen as anyone “born or naturalized in the United States.” The Thirteenth Amendment freed thousands of African Americans, but it did not give them full rights as citizens. Many states in the South passed laws called “black codes” that stopped African Americans from exercising civil liberties. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment ended this practice by defining a citizen as anyone “born or naturalized in the United States.”

22. Later Amendments Although the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments played an important role in extending civil liberties to all Americans, there was still work to be done. Other amendments were necessary so that laws applied to all Americans equally. Although the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments played an important role in extending civil liberties to all Americans, there was still work to be done. Other amendments were necessary so that laws applied to all Americans equally.

23. Later Amendments In 1913, the Seventeenth Amendment changed Article I of the Constitution. Instead of state legislatures electing senators, the voters would elect their senators directly. This amendment helped Americans make sure that government leaders worked on issues important to the public. In 1913, the Seventeenth Amendment changed Article I of the Constitution. Instead of state legislatures electing senators, the voters would elect their senators directly. This amendment helped Americans make sure that government leaders worked on issues important to the public.

24. Later Amendments After the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, women’s voting rights remained a state issue until 1920. Thanks to the work of women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote in all national and state elections. After the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, women’s voting rights remained a state issue until 1920. Thanks to the work of women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote in all national and state elections.

25. Later Amendments The Twenty-Third Amendment allowed African Americans to vote, many states started assessing poll taxes, or money that had to be paid in order to vote. People who could not afford these taxes could not vote. In 1964, however, the Twenty- fourth Amendment outlawed poll taxes in national elections. Later, the Supreme Court ruled that poll taxes were illegal in state elections, too. The Twenty-Third Amendment allowed African Americans to vote, many states started assessing poll taxes, or money that had to be paid in order to vote. People who could not afford these taxes could not vote. In 1964, however, the Twenty- fourth Amendment outlawed poll taxes in national elections. Later, the Supreme Court ruled that poll taxes were illegal in state elections, too.

26. Later Amendments Some Americans believed that if teenagers could be sent to fight in battle, they should be able to vote for the leaders, who made the decisions to send them. As a result, in 1971, the Twenty-Sixth Amendment changed the voting age to 18. Some Americans believed that if teenagers could be sent to fight in battle, they should be able to vote for the leaders, who made the decisions to send them. As a result, in 1971, the Twenty-Sixth Amendment changed the voting age to 18.

27. 4-4 The Civil Rights Struggle Although the Civil War amendments helped provide equal rights to all Americans, some people continued to treat African Americans unjustly. Such mistreatment is called discrimination. Some Southern states passed “Jim Crow” laws that encouraged segregation, or the separation of people by race. Although the Civil War amendments helped provide equal rights to all Americans, some people continued to treat African Americans unjustly. Such mistreatment is called discrimination. Some Southern states passed “Jim Crow” laws that encouraged segregation, or the separation of people by race.

28. The Civil Rights Struggle Another 100 years passed before African Americans could enjoy their civil rights of full citizenship and equality under the law. Another 100 years passed before African Americans could enjoy their civil rights of full citizenship and equality under the law. Important gains happened in the mid- 1900s. In 1948, President Truman ended segregation in the armed forces. Important gains happened in the mid- 1900s. In 1948, President Truman ended segregation in the armed forces.

29. Struggle for Rights In the 1950s, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., encouraged people such as Rosa Parks to use peaceful demonstrations to protest discrimination. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, that segregation in public schools was against the Constitution. In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which ended lawful discrimination based on race, gender, and religion. In the 1950s, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., encouraged people such as Rosa Parks to use peaceful demonstrations to protest discrimination. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, that segregation in public schools was against the Constitution. In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which ended lawful discrimination based on race, gender, and religion.

30. The Struggle Continues Although the Fifteenth Amendment had given African American men the right to vote, that vote was not guaranteed until 1964 when the Twenty-fourth Amendment outlawed poll taxes. Then, in 1965, more steps were taken to protect voting rights with the voting rights Act. Although the Fifteenth Amendment had given African American men the right to vote, that vote was not guaranteed until 1964 when the Twenty-fourth Amendment outlawed poll taxes. Then, in 1965, more steps were taken to protect voting rights with the voting rights Act.

31. The Struggle Continues Civil Rights laws of the 1960s improved educational and professional opportunities for African Americans and other minorities. Civil Rights laws of the 1960s improved educational and professional opportunities for African Americans and other minorities. In the 1970s, the federal government tried to make up for past discrimination through programs known as affirmative action. Such programs encourage businesses and schools to hire, advance, and accept more women and minorities. In the 1970s, the federal government tried to make up for past discrimination through programs known as affirmative action. Such programs encourage businesses and schools to hire, advance, and accept more women and minorities.

32. The Struggle Continues Some people did not approve of the affirmative action programs. They said that these programs were unfair to whites and to men. Sometimes the Supreme Court agrees. In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled in Gratz v. Bollinger that the University of Michigan gave an unfair advantage to minority students who were applying for admission to the school. Some people did not approve of the affirmative action programs. They said that these programs were unfair to whites and to men. Sometimes the Supreme Court agrees. In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled in Gratz v. Bollinger that the University of Michigan gave an unfair advantage to minority students who were applying for admission to the school.

33. The Struggle Continues Today, the struggle for equal rights continues. Every year, the federal government gets more than 80,000 complaints about discrimination in the workplace. Many Americans are concerned about racial profiling, a practice in which police single out suspects based on the way they look. Hate crimes are another problem. Sometimes people are attacked and harmed because of their race, national origin, gender, or disability. Today, the struggle for equal rights continues. Every year, the federal government gets more than 80,000 complaints about discrimination in the workplace. Many Americans are concerned about racial profiling, a practice in which police single out suspects based on the way they look. Hate crimes are another problem. Sometimes people are attacked and harmed because of their race, national origin, gender, or disability.