1. Anatomy and Physiology Axial Skeletal System Review

2. What is the name of the movable bone held to the cranium? A. Humerus B. Frontal C. Mandible D. Zygomatic

3. What is the name of the movable bone held to the cranium? Mandible

4. What is a foramen? A. Knob B. Opening C. Indentation D. Curve

5. What is a foramen? Opening

6. Which bone includes the Foramen Magnum? A. Parietal B. Frontal C. Temporal D. Occipital

7. Which bone includes the Foramen Magnum? Occipital

8. What does the sella turcica protect? A. Hypothalamus B. Pituitary C. Thymus D. Thyroid

9. What does the sella turcica protect? Pituitary Gland sits in the depression of the sella turcica (turk’s saddle) It is an endocrine gland that produces Prolactin (milk production) Growth Hormone, Cortisol (stress hormone) …and more

10. Hard palate contains: A. Sphenoid and Ethmoid B Zygomatic and lacrimal C. Nasal Conchae ans vomer D. Maxilla and Palatine

11. Hard palate contains: Maxilla and Palatine Are the hard palate or the roof of our mouth.

12. A suture is a _______joint. A. Hinge B. Immovable C. Slightly Movable D. Pivot

13. A suture is a _______joint. Immovable

14. Which is not part of the cranium? A. Lacrimal B. Frontal C. Ethmoid D. Temporal

15. Which is not part of the cranium? The Lacrimal Bone is considered a facial bone The ethmoid is part of the cranium

16. The 5 fused bones at the base of the vertebral column. A. Atlas B. Sacrum C. Scapula D. Sternum

17. The 5 fused bones at the base of the vertebral column. Sacrum

18. Vertebrae that have long spinous process and articulate with ribs. A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Lumbar D. Sacrum

19. Vertebrae that have long spinous process and articulate with ribs. Thoracic

20. Soft spots in a newborn’s skull are called: A. Sutures B. Foramen C. Fontanels D. Meatus

21. Soft spots in a newborn’s skull are called: Fontanels

22. Where is the external auditory meatus? A. Parietal B. Frontal C. Temporal D. Occipital

23. Where is the external auditory meatus? Temporal

24. The lowest part of the sternum? A. Manubrium B. Xiphoid C. Laminae D. Vertebrae

25. The lowest part of the sternum? Xiphoid

26. Ribs attached directly to their costal cartilage are: A. True Ribs B. Floating Ribs C. False Ribs D. Manubrial Ribs

27. Ribs attached directly to their costal cartilage are: True Ribs

28. There are __ Cervical __ Thoracic and ____ Lumbar Vertebrae. A. 10, 2 and 6 B. 3, 12, and 15 C. 6, 6, and 6 D. 7, 12 and 5

29. There are __ Cervical __ Thoracic and ____ Lumbar Vertebrae. 7, 12 and 5

30. Cranium = 3 Sutures Three Sutures Coronal Sagittal Lamboidal

31. Cranium = 8 Bones Frontal = 1 Parietal = 2 Temporal = 2 Occipital = 1 Sphenoid = 1 Ethmoid = 1

32. 14 Facial Bones Maxillae (2 fused) Palatine (2 paired) Zygomatic (2 paired) Lacrimal (2 paired) Nasal (2 paired) Vomer Inferior Nasal Conchae (2 paired) Mandible

33. Ear Bones

34. External Auditory Meatus The human ear canal is divided into two parts. The cartilaginous part forms the outer third of the canal and framework of pinna. The Bony part forms the inner two thirds.

35. Tympanic Membrane Converts mechanical energy to impulses Transmits impulses to the brain

36. Ossicles

37. The ossicles are, in order from the eardrum to the inner ear (biologically/medically from superficial to deep) malleus, incus, and stapes. Terms that, in Latin, are translated as the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup. The smallest bones in the body, increase the force of vibrations.

38. Ossicles The Malleus (hammer) articulates with the incus and is attached to the tympanic membrane (eardrum), from which vibrational energy is passed.eardrum The Incus (anvil) is connected to both the other bones. The Stapes (stirrup) articulates with the Incus and is attached to the membrane of the fenestra ovalis, the elliptical or oval window or opening between the middle ear and the inner ear.fenestra ovalisoval window

39. Cochlea Balance and Equilibrium

40. Eustacian Tubes Connects the inner ear to the throat

41. Rib Cage

42. Long Bone

43. Vertebral Column

44. Vertebrae

45. Atlas and Axis

46. Osteocyte, Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts Osteoclast= removes bone Osteoblast= builds bone Osteocyte= mature bone cell, an osteoblast trapped in its matrix

47. Bone Formation Bones begin as a cartilage model Ossification occurs when osteoblasts deposit bone tissue over the cartilage model Cartilage disintegrates until there is only bone with hyaline cartilage at the articular ends Formation is finished when the epiphyseal plates is replaced by the epiphyseal line.