1. Review: How did Hobbes view people in the state of nature? What was Hobbes’ idea of a perfect government? What are some qualities of Machiavelli’s Prince? What are the three parts of Plato’s society? In Plato’s society, who would rule? What is one thing Plato, Machiavelli, and Hobbes have in common regarding their political philosophy?

2. John Locke’s Political Philosophy

3. John Locke Background He was an English philosopher and physician who lived from 1632-1704 John Locke is sometimes known as the “Father of Classical Liberalism” and one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers He is also one of the first British empiricists, along with Francis Bacon His work has had a tremendous influence on the development of epistemology and political philosophy Some of his most famous ideas include: Tabula rasa Social contract Right to property Limited government

4. Locke’s State of Nature John Locke had a very different view of the state of nature than Thomas Hobbes had Locke believed that people could rationally settle their differences He thought that all people have the ability to reason and develop/improve their reasoning ability He also believed that people were capable of governing over themselves Reason gives man the ability to rule over themselves and all people are equally gifted with the capacity to reason

5. Locke’s Views on Government and Society Locke rejected the idea of divine right of kings He puts more faith in human reason than in divine right Controversial at the time for those monarchs who believed their right to rule came from God Locke believed that the purpose of a good government is to protect people’s lives, liberty and property If the government doesn’t protect these rights, the people have a right and duty to get rid of that government and replace it with one that will Locke believed that if people are controlled against their will, it is contrary to the natural order of man Natural liberty is something that all men share All men should be free and equal just by virtue of the fact that they are human He believed that these rights are absolute, and not given to us by the government Locke also wrote about women’s rights He believed that women share equally the ability to reason and should be seen as men’s equal and respected a such