1. ROME: THE REPUBLIC, THE EMPIRE, AND THE FALL

2. A VAST AND POWERFUL EMPIRE Efficient government with able rulers Augustus Secured the frontier, glorified Rome with big/beautiful public buildings, set up a civil service The Civil Service managed the government Collected taxes, managed supply of goods, postal system Drew from plebian class Trade Agriculture 90% Farmers Constantine accepts Christianity in 312

3. SO WHY DID ROME FALL? Weak Economy Disrupted trade No more expansion = No more plunder Raised taxes – Inflation Poor crops due to depleted soil Military and Political Trouble Soldiers and citizens lacked loyalty to the throne Mercenaries Threat from northern tribes Capitol moved from Rome to Byzantium in 324 Renamed Constantinople Power shift – range of power

4. ESSENTIALLY... Rome preserved and added to Greek Culture From Greece: Art: although Romans took a more realistic approach to the human form philosophy of stoicism was very influential Literary forms and models Legacy of Rome: Latin, the language of the Romans remained even after the Fall Master Builders: Coliseum, Aqueducts System of Laws

5. ANCIENT TO MEDIEVAL Rome was a vast and powerful empire Efficient government with able rulers The rise of Christianity Persecution Edict of Milan in 313 Constantine accepts Christianity

6. CRASH COURSE https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=3PszVW ZNWVA https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=3PszVW ZNWVA

7. THE ROLE OF THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH

8. ANCIENT TO MEDIEVAL Christian expansion Balance of power between Emperor/King and the Pope The fall of Rome Weak economy Military and political trouble

9. HOW DID THE DECLINE OF ROME AFFECT THE CATHOLIC CHURCH? Catholic Church was the dominant spiritual influence in Western Europe For most the Church was the center of their lives Small number of Jews, Muslims, and non- Catholic Christians Decline of Rome in 400s allowed the church to assume many political and social tasks.

10. The Pope strongest political leader in Western Europe and claimed spiritual authority over all Christians. The Bishop of Rome

11. TEACHINGS OF THE CHURCH All people are sinners and dependent on God’s grace. The only way to receive grace is by taking part in the sacraments Baptism Penance Eucharist (communion) Confirmation Matrimony Anointing of the sick Holy orders

12. LIMITED UNDERSTANDING OF CHURCH RITUAL Masses were said in Latin, which few people understood Priests were poorly educated and did not teach effectively Few worshippers could read or write

13. WHERE DID THEIR UNDERSTANDING COME FROM?

15. What the average person learned came from statues, paintings, and stained glass windows that adorned churches

16. POWER OF THE CHURCH Power through its own laws courts with power over lords and kings Withholding of the sacraments (used as punishment)

17. POWER OF THE CHURCH Feudal ties in receiving of land from nobles in return for ensuring their salvation also provided Wealth political power protection to the church. However, political power undermined spiritual validity nobles gained more influence over the church able to place relatives in church positions despite little devotion to spiritual calling.

18. REFORM Call for Reform (900s) by devout Christians Wanted to free church from control of feudal lords Wanted church, not the state, to be final authority in Western society

19. CHURCH COUNCIL 1095 Declared that political leaders could no longer elect the pope a gathering of cardinals High-Church officials in Rome that ranked directly below the pope Also insisted that the pope, not secular rulers (lords/kings), should appoint bishops, and other church officials

20. CHURCH STRUCTURE ACTIVITY…