1. Latin American Independence

2. Colonial Economy
Portuguese and Spanish colonies; Brazil, Mexico, most of South America
Encomienda system
Haciendas
European diseases kill Indians
Slaves introduced to South America

3. Colonial Society
Social classes and ranks; royal officials, owners of officials, owners of large estates, mine owners
Peninsulares, original citizens of Spain or Portugal
Creoles, Spaniards born in colonies
Mestizos, American Indian and European background
Mulattoes, African and European ancestry

4. Haiti’s Slave Revolution
1791 slave revolt in Saint Domingue
Mulattoes and blacks united under the leadership of Toussaint-Louverture, a free slave, only successful slave revolted by slaves anywhere in the world

5. Mexico and Central America
Napoleon's conquest of Spain provided a perfect time for the colonists to gain independence
“the cry of Dolores”
Revolts in Mexico led by Hidalgo, Pavon and Iturbide, all failed
Iturbide would declare independence in 1821
Central America declared independence from Mexico in 1823.

6. Spanish South America
Independence led by Simon Bolivar "the Liberator"
La Palta in 1811, New Granada in 1819, Venezuela in 1821
Bolivar became president of Gran Colombia (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama
Martin and O'Higgins led revolts in Chile and Peru, 1818
Upper Peru became a separate republic and named Bolivia

7. Foreign Reactions to Independence
The Monroe Doctrine, 1832, President Monroe claimed that US would not intervene in colonies, and would oppose any power that tried to reestablish lost or new colonies