1. Indo-European Migration

2. Indo-Europeans Who? Nomads who migrated, or moved, into Europe, India, and Asia Why? No one is 100% sure (invaders, disease, environment) Article of study done 10 days ago How do we know? Language—spoke ancient language that is the basis for the language that we speak today (also Spanish, Persian, and Hindi) Language tells us where people settles Archaeogenetics—the study of artifacts and DNA to piece together migration routes

3. Empires Created Following the Move Hittite in Mesopotamia – In Babylon, cultural diffusion takes place in their art, literature, and technology – First to use iron weapons, spread through war and trade Aryans move into India, or Indus – Vedas, or Aryan religious text, is the only thing we know about their way of life – Take over the people and introduce “complex institution” that controls how people are organized and what they think, called caste system – Aryans were less advanced (cows as $ and no written language) but take charge based on skin color

4. Caste System Social hierarchy based on skin color (“dadas” or dark) Aryans insert themselves at the top 1.Brahmins or priests 2.Kshatriyas or warriors 3.Vaishyas or peasants/traders 4.Shudras or laborers***non-Aryans Varnas, or skin color, determined class – Born into caste for life, determined your job, who you marry, what you eat – “Untouchables” at bottom doing impure work Results: – Violence, struggle for power, and mixing of cultures and caste system creates new things…