1. Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment: Capacity Building for Urban Air Quality Management Mushtaq Ahmed Memon and Hidefumi IMURA 3 rd Thematic Seminar Urban Air Quality Management UNCC, Bangkok – 20-21 February 2003

2. Issues coverage Instruments, items, policy intervention avenues Geographical coverage Means Issues InstitutionsRegulationsPublic Participation FinanceTechnology Water & Wastewater Solid Waste Management Industrial Pollution Control Air Pollution Management Slums and Land use Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) System Capacity Building for Urban Environmental Management

3. Capacity for Urban Air Quality Management 1.Assessment of the problem (current or future) Pollution levels, sources, and the impact (Monitoring cause and effect analysis) 2.Planning and implementation of the response Identification of the responses (options) Prioritization of the options (short-term & long-term) Implementation of the options

4. Three-stage Review and Assessment (Current and likely air quality) Objectives not exceeded Objectives exceeded Designate Air Quality Management Area Public Information and health advice The UK National Air Quality Strategy

5. Air Quality Action Plan Evaluate and Review Objectives attained Revise Implement Source: Elsom, D.M. (1999), Development and Implementation of Strategic Frameworks for Air Quality Management in the UK and the European Community, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 42(1): 103-121

6. Local Capacity for Problem Assessment 1.Monitoring and prediction of of pollution/ambient levels (current or future) In-house capacity Linkages with private sector (Industries, Energy Companies) and civil society (NGOs, Academia) 2.Cause and effect analysis Pollution sources (Energy, Technology, Infrastructure) Health & productivity impact (morbidity and mortality) Socioeconomic impact (land values, visibility, buildings & automobiles maintenance, leisure, and so on)

7. Local Capacity for the Response 1.Institutions (formal and informal) 2.Regulatory standards and jurisdiction 3.Public Participation (policy making & implementation) 4.Financial mechanism (decentralization, municipal bonds, revolving funds, public- private partnerships) 5.Appropriate technology

8. Local Capacity Building Process

9. International Cooperation Kitakyushu Initiative Support Local Initiatives for Tangible Outputs “Scan Globally and Reinvent Locally” Networking Collection and analysis of successful practices Pilot activities

10. The Expected Outcomes of this Seminar 1.Identification of critical issues and indicators for the capacity building for air quality management 2.Identification of common and diverse issues and indicators across the cities or regions 3.Chalk out the strategy to address these common and diverse issues through networking activities, successful practices, and pilot activities 4.Beyond Bangkok! To achieve tangible outputs in a specified timeframe (activities and role of the stakeholders, e.g. local and national governments, private sector, civil society, and international agencies)

11. 1.Pollution levels (SOx, NOx, CO 2 ) 2.Sources (Vehicles, Industry, energy) Challenges Necessary condition(s) Regulations & Institutions Public participation Financial Mechanisms Appropriate Technology Essential condition(s) 1.Logical and suitable 2.Human resources 3.Jurisdiction & Implementation 1.Public awareness 2.Information systems 3.Formal & Informal framework 1.Government & donor funding 2.Economic instruments (MBIs) 3.Public-private partnerships 1.Monitoring 2.Production & automobiles 3.Repair and maintenance