1. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists APUSH

2. The Formative Years-1790s Adopted new constitution, created the Bill of rights, political parties emerge, a new capital Threats of civil war ▫Strong military and economy, a national bank, a standing army, industrial nation (Hamilton) ▫Agrarian society, no national bank, no standing army, and no strong centralized government (Jefferson)  Both sought the interests of the nation, but had different opinions on how to best achieve it

3. “If I could go to heaven but with a party, I would not go there at all” -Jefferson Fear that political parties are a threat to enlightened government-no intention when the Constitution is framed to have political parties Factors that contribute: ▫Washington, Adams, Hamilton: Fear that opponents want to destroy the Union, subvert morality and property rights, and ally the U.S. with France ▫Jefferson: Fear that Federalists are trying to create a monarchy, with a standing army, high taxes, and government subsidized monopoly

4. Defining the Presidency Constitution is written permitting an executive branch, but uncertainty about how the position should be defined. ▫constitutional monarch who delegates or president who runs government himself ▫Relationship between the branches ▫Foreign policy

5. Hamilton’s Financial Plan Biggest problem for U.S.=financial ▫Huge debt ▫Paper money under Articles=worthless ▫No foreign credit available Debt: ▫Hamilton’s solution: Federal Gov. assume the debt of all the states, pay it off by borrowing money at low interest rates ▫Problem: states, MD, PA, and NC, had paid off their debt and don’t want to pay taxes to the federal gov. to pay off other states debts.  Whiskey Rebellion ▫Solution: after 6 months of debate Jefferson and Madison reach an agreement: in exchange for southern support of deal the new capital would be placed on the Potomac (in the south)

6. Hamilton’s Financial Plan The debt pay off was a success ▫Made them attractive to foreign investors ▫Capital pours into U.S. Bank of the United States ▫Modeled after the Bank of England ▫Would collect taxes, hold government funds, make loans to the governments and borrowers Opposition: Unconstitutional? Passed-1791, for 20 years Washington’s thoughts?

7. Hamilton’s Financial Plan Industrialization ▫High tariffs designed to protect the nation’s interest-end British manufacturing hold on U.S. ▫Opposition: Jefferson, thought that industrialization threatened agrarian society ▫Hamilton: focus on investment, commerce, and industry. Wants to move away from slave society- member of NY’s first anti-slavery society

8. Hamilton’s Financial Plan Jefferson’s vision triumphed ▫Painted Hamilton as an elitist and admirer of Britain ▫Portrayed himself as an advocate of republicanism, equality, and economic opportunity  Followed by farmers, craftsmen, small manufacturers, artisans-all begin to support a New Party-DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS

9. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic-Republicans

10. The Adams Presidency-1796-1800 The End of Federalist Supremacy

11. A poisoned Chalice? 1796-the LAST federalist victory WHY? ▫No “Washington glue” to hold together the parties ▫Hamilton still the “father of federalism” ▫Adams: uncertain, aloof, naive ▫Adams-71, Jefferson-68 electoral votes ▫President-Adams, Vice-President-Jefferson

12. X, Y, Z, Affair French anger and U.S. and Great Britain over the Jay Treaty French refuse to accept a U.S. diplomat Adams avoids war, seeks discussion ▫Sends 3 diplomats to France ▫French demand a loan and a bribe to meet and discuss solution ▫U.S. refuses-Anti-French fervor peaks  Anti-Republican fervor peaks too!

13. Impact “Quasi-War” with France Department of the Navy is established-85 French ships captured REAL end of French-U.S. relations after the Revolution Federalists increase majority in Congress

14. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic-Republicans

15. Alien and Sedition Acts Purpose: Silence Republicans for good! ▫Republicans=foreign influence=bad! ▫Acts  Citizenship requirement 4-15 years  President can jail/deport “undesirables”  Fine/Jail for seditious statements that threaten government  Attacks Republican Press  1 st Amendment Rights….Free Speech? ▫Adams Uncertain…unwilling…unsure

16. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic Republicans

17. Virginia and Kentucky Resolves VA and KY (Jefferson and Madison) using Locke’s ideas ▫States are the Central government ▫They CAN declare acts VOID if they go beyond the powers delegated to Congress  No other states jump on the bandwagon  But hugely effective for Republicans  Puts the issue on the National stage

18. Lyon vs. Griswold (1798) Battle in Congress "He in a trice struck Griswold thrice / Upon his head enraged, Sir; / Who seized the tongs to ease his wrongs, / And Griswold thus engaged, Sir."

19. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic-Republicans

20. Election of 1800-Mudslinging Jefferson vs. Adams-AGAIN Jefferson now has a POPULAR ISSUE to campaign on Adams-perception ▫“King reincarnated” ▫“Limiter of Liberty”

21. Election of 1800 or the Revolution of 1800 Best laid plans go wrong! Most votes=President Second most=V.P. ▫Electors vote for TWO people ▫SO….Dem-Rep. want to make sure that Burr gets the V.P.  BUT….electors make mistake!  Jefferson=73  Burr=73

22. Election of 1800 A FEDERALIST Congress has to decide the future REPUBLICAN President! ▫Hamilton votes…for Jefferson!  Burr=too risky, unreliable

23. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic Republicans

24. Election of 1800