1. Hungarian Viticulture 2015. február 4. Dr. Bisztray György tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár, BCE Szőlőtermesztési Tanszék

2. The origin of grapevine History of Hungarian Viticulture Structure (Present and future)

3. The history of the grapevine

4. The oldest crop in the world Transcaucasia (Turkey, Armenia, and Iran) The history of the growing: –neolit age, –6 – 8000 years ago –dioecious plant –small blue berries Vitis sylvestris C.C. Gmel. The cradle of grapevine growing

5. Samples of wild grapes in forest number 1 (Khachmaz d.) Mirza Musayev and Zeynal Akparov © 2013 Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

6. Sumer South part of Mesopotamia:

7. Sumer 4000 B.C. The wine is a sacrificial drink Punctuation marks: –Grapevine shoot with tendril = grape; wine; life

9. Armenia Noah’s ark land to the Ararat Home of the grapevine growing –Noah planted grapevine Thousand years old seeds

10. Greek regions – Italy – West-Europe North Africa – Gibraltar To east from West-Asia – China, India The way of the grapevine

11. New Ages 1492 – Exploration of America

12. The spread of the grapevine growing in the world South-Africa (1659)

13. Australia – the begining of the XIX.th century The spread of the grapevine growing in the world

14. After 1000 the way is open before the spread of the culture of grapevine and winemaking Foreign growers (bavaria, walloon, frank), and wine sellers The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

15. Matthias Corvinus (1458 – 1490) The decrees develop the grapevine growing Hungary is the leader country of the grapevine growing New cultivars new methods The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

16. Turkish domination during 150 years after the battle of Mohacs Revive of Tokaj The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

17. 1650 Laczkó Máté Szepsi – the first aszu wine Zsuzsanna Lórántffy 1655 – law for the separated collection of aszu berries The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

18. After 1686 –Rebuilding of the vineyards after the Turkish domination The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

19. Maria Theresa The protection of the sandy regions from swifting sand with grapevine planting Ferenc I. –Until the Phylloxera crisis 55 000 ha grapevine in the Great Hungarian Plain. The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

20. Károly Keleti made statistical measurement about the grapevine regions before the Phylloxera crisis (1860 – 1875) –Hungary (Croatia – Slavonia and Transylvania) 400 000 ha 4 – 18 million hl The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

21. The appearence of the phyloxera, the powdery mildrew, and the peronospora in Hungray and in Europe EuropeHungary Powdery milldrew Glasshouse: England, Tucker - 1845 Vineyard: France -1850 Buda – 1853 (Bugát Pál) PhylloxeraFrance – 1860Pozsony, 1872 (?) Pancsova (1875) PeronosporaFrance - 1878Medgyes, 1880

22. 1880 National Phylloxera Commission 1896 „Law for plantation” 1897 The top of the Phylloxera 1920 Trianon –Hungary lost 30% of vineyards and 60% of population who drinks wine The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

23. 1939 – 1945 –235 000 ha –Because of the war the vineyards and barrel stocks damage 1946 – Agrarian reform –500 000 owners share the Hungarian vineyards The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

24. 1960 – 1965 –II. „five-year” plan – grapevine reconstruction –The grapevine region increase 247 000 ha 1970 –The high training systems started to be received The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

25. 1985 – 1989 - Frost damages - Gorbacsov’s arrangements - Decreasing of the Hungarian wine consumption 20 liter/person/year The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

26. After the political changing: –The number of the vine regions increase to 22 –Privatization, Compensations –The grapevine regions decrease to 70 000 ha The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

27. The 10 most important white vine varieties 27

28. The 10 most important red vine varieties 28

29. Autochton and International varieties

30. Medals on international wine challenges

31. The Hungarian viticulture has great tradition Hungarian vines offer colorfull range of winestyles