1. CHAPTER 7: WORK, LEISURE AND MASS MEDIA BETHANY CUENOD AND VALERIE FELAN

2. A CHANGE IN WORKLOAD Compulsory secondary education required by the year 1915 In conjunction with child labor laws, this requirement produced free time for students that was left to be filled with either work, if of age, and leisure.

3. WORK At any point during the school year, 6 million American high school teenagers will be working. But where at? Over the age of 16? Under the age of 16?

4. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES 1.Prevalence of menial labor needed 2.Different student hours 3.Social stigma 4.Higher amount of outside work 5.School to work transitions 1.Apprenticeships

5. 3 MAIN EFFECTS Responsibility Working for spending money vs providing for the family Interference with other activities School work Development of negative behaviors Riskier behaviors associated with employment ~*20 hours is the golden rule*~

6. EXPERIENCE SAMPLING METHOD (ESM) Teenagers are paged and asked questions of  Who? What? And How?  Findings:  More positive when with friends  Least positive when alone  Family time showed a curvilinear pattern

7. STRUCTURED VS UNSTRUCTURED Structured:  Most popular: athletics  5 hrs/week  Prevalent in middle class families  Higher self-esteem  Better mental health Unstructured  Routine Activity Theory  Time after school  Self-care associated with sex, drugs, and alcohol  Spending time with friends unsupervised = more problem behavior

8. POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT Richard Lerner  5 aspects  Competence  Confidence  Connection  Character  Caring compassion

9. FIJI ISLAND STUDY BEFORE TV INTRODUCED Endorsed culture norm  Large appetite and large body AFTER TV INTRODUCED 3 years later  11% of adolescent girls used self-induced vomiting  Girls who showed signs of disordered eating doubled  ¾ girls reported feeling “too big or fat”  70% dieted to lose weight

10. PERCEIVED EFFECT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING Makes them feel:MoreLess Confident20%4% Depressed5%10% Outgoing8%5% Popular9%4% Shy3%29% Sympathetic to other19%7% Better about themselves15%4% Source: Common Sense Study, July 2012

11. 2012 FRESHMAN TECHNOLOGY SURVEY 641 students Taken during Freshman Orientation in Summer 2012 90% brought Laptops 43% on Mac 43% on Windows 92% Facebook Users 63% prefer to use St. Ed’s account when contacting a professor Survey Site

12. YOUR PERSONALITY ON FACEBOOK Study done by Gwendolyn Seidman Motivation vs Behaviors based on the BIG 5 High Extraversion vs High Neuroticism High Conscientiousness and photo sharing Study revealed more about motivations than behaviors Agreeableness vs Neuroticism Seidman, G., (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 402-407.

13. EFFECT OF MEDIA Based on the statistics of how much time people spend online and with media every day, what are your opinions on this videovideo