1. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Lesson 2 Competence in Science and Technology

2. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Science Science (from Latin: scientia meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe

3. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Science and Technology Scientific literacy is used in everyday context, allowing us to reason, think and solve creative problems and make decisions in our lifes. Knowledge in science and technology will enable people to make collective judgments on the management of natural resources, an issue that involves ethics.

4. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology Definition: –usage and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts or methods History: –Paleolithic (2.5 million-10,000 BC): use of stone tools, Fire, clothing, shelter –Neolithic through Classical Antiquity (10,000BC- 300AD): use of metal tools, energy, transport, invention of wheel –Medieval and modern history (300 AD  ): silk, horse collar, windmills, clocks, printing press, mining, agriculture, advancements in medicine- end up to things as we know them today

5. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology Advantages: –change in culture: Through out the centuries there were many technological advances, like the invention of the wheel; the creation of boats and vehicles using the wheel; the development of cookware; clothing; building homes, all having an impact in our culture. For instance, people used to stay on caves. Eventually, people were leaving on wooden houses, now each era has its own architectural style, either with marbles, voltaic etc. –change of culture: since people are now in a position to travel and communicate with others around the globe, they can educate themselves about other technological advances. Ideas and methods are therefore transmitted and eventually, a change of culture occurs.

6. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology –Globalization: technology has managed to globalised people in the sense of bringing them closer i.e through the internet, exposing them to a lot of options, educating them more, promoting the circulation of ideas Through skype you can have cheap online conversations with your friends everywhere in the world. –Quality of life: physical and mental health as it contributed to a higher standard of living Better medical equipment, new medicines etc High tech houses Improved weather conditions (eg AC)

7. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology –Improve economy: technology has increased competitiveness and allowed the economy to become a free market Through e-commerce one can buy products and services easily from everywhere in the world –Save people: technology has led to the development of science-medicines, safer cars, homes that can last on earthquakes. Can you think of more examples?

8. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology Disadvantages: –Weapons: technological advances brought an increase in warfare. –Pollution: for example, factories pollute the environment (industrial pollution), transportation, wastage, chemical compounds, –Decrease in jobs: machines now do the work Ethics are involved –waste incurred –Conservation of energy and resources, – and about employment. The aforementioned advantages and disadvantages have an impact in society, and this is why ethical questions should be raised.

9. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Types of Technologies Medical technologies –Medical technology is the use of a device or invention to extend the life of patients, relieve pain and reduce risk of disease. Examples of medical technology include medical and surgical procedures, medications, medical devices and diagnostic tests. It is difficult to think of modern medicine without medical technology. Agriculture biotechnologies –Biotechnologies use living orgasms to modify products, and in this case agriculture products. For example, farmers will need to ensure that natural resources are used more efficiently.

10. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Types of Technologies Energy and Power technologies – involves electrical power networks, power transmission and distribution systems, industrial plants Information and Communication technologies –consists of all technical means used to handle information and support communication like telephone, media, all types of audio and video processing, software etc

11. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Types of Technologies Transportation technologies –involves the development in transportation and the provision of transportation alternatives Manufacturing technologies –involves the provision of tools, equipment and machines for manufacturing goods Construction technologies –involves the development in the processes of building and infrastructure

12. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Relationships Science and Technology: –Science “refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena. The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge people have gained using that system. Less formally, the word science often describes any systematic field of study or the knowledge gained from it.” (http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/science-definition.html)http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/science-definition.html – Technology is the innovation, modification and change of the natural environment. It extends our abilities to change the world: to cut, shape, or put together materials; to move things from one place to another; to reach farther with our hands, voices, and senses. (Benchmarks for Science Literacy, AAAS, 1993)

13. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Science Vs Technology ScienceTechnology Ασχολείται με τα φυσικά φαινόμενα.Ασχολείται με το πώς οι άνθρωποι τροποποιούν ή ελέγχουν τον φυσικό κόσμο. Ασχολείται με το τι υπάρχει στον φυσικό κόσμο (π.χ.: Βιολογία, Χημεία, Φυσική, Αστρονομία, Γεωλογία κτλ.). Ασχολείται με το τι μπορεί ή θα επρεπε να σχεδιαστεί, να φτιαχτεί ή να αναπτυχθεί από τα υλικά και τις ουσίες που παρέχει ο φυσικός κόσμος, για την ικανοποίηση των ανθρώπινων αναγκών και επιθυμιών. Ασχολείται με τις διαδικασίες που χρησιμοποιούνται για την κατανόηση του φυσικού κόσμου μέσω έρευνας, εξερεύνησης και ανακάλυψηςIs concerned with processes and tries to understand the natural world by “inquiry”, “discovering what is”, “exploring” and using “the Scientific Method”. Is concerned with such processes, used to alter the natural world such as “Invention”, Innovation”, etc

14. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology and Society Issues which are raised/ points to think of: –Citizens need to understand: How technology effects: –cultural, social, economic, and political factors. –the environment. The role of society in the development and use of technology. The influence of technology on history. Perhaps knowledge on these issues will enable society to evolve through the centuries, decreasing ethical and environmental problems

15. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology and Culture Cultural needs drive and inspire technological change and innovation respectively –For instance, the art of warfare brought a cultural change and thus to the invention of guns Transmitting technologies to other cultures may lead to a change of those other cultures. However, different geographical needs and environments have different needs, adjusting technology adequately.

16. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology and Culture Useful technologies are usually spread through migration of populations or diffusion of techniques to nearby populations Culture therefore forms the context or background for the development of technologies

17. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology and Environment There is a direct link between the way we produce energy and damage caused by pollution. Thus, alternative sources of energy should be used like: –solar power: is the conversion of sunlight into electricity –wind power: is the conversion of wind into electricity –Hydro electricity: is the production of power from flowing water –Geothermal energy: for example, the use of dry steam, –Nuclear power: is the use of nuclear fission to generate heat

18. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology and Environment How to save the environment: –Recycling : reduce the amount of certain materials (such as glass, paper, plastic) that are produced from raw materials. This process requires less energy –Water Purification: the process of removing any unwanted materials, chemicals, etc from raw water –Air Purification: Use green plants indoors to keep air fresh as they remove CO2 and convert it into oxygen. –Sewage treatment: Purifies water in levels of its pollution.

19. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Technology and the environment –Environmental remediation: removal of pollutants or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. –Solid waste management: is the purification, Consumption, Reuse, Disposal and Treatment of solid waste that is looked after by the government or the ruling bodies of a city/town solid waste –Renewable energy: Energy that can be produced by natural objects like wood, sun, wind etc is considered to be renewable. –Energy Conservation: is the utilization of devices that require smaller amounts of energy in order to reduce the consumption of electricity.

20. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology Thank YOU You have successfully completed this section. Thank you for participating in this learning session and remember never stop engaging in learning situations