1. The Present Perfect Simple
פשוט מושלם

2. The Link The present perfect is like evolution.
It links the past to the present.

3. The present perfect is a mix of the past and present.

4. When do we use the present perfect?
The present perfect has 4 main functions…

5. Function 1 He has broken his leg We use the present perfect ….
For actions that were completed in the past. The exact time of the action is unknown. We are interested in the results of the action in the present.
He has broken his leg

6. He has broken his leg But because he broke his leg he can’t walk now…
Do we know when he broke his leg? NO
But because he broke his leg he can’t walk now…
The action was in the PAST
He broke his leg
The result is in the PRESENT
He can’t walk now

7. She has visited Canada many times.
Function 2
We use the present perfect….
For actions that were repeated several times in the past.
She has visited Canada many times.

8. Function 3 I have not smoked since 1995. We use the present perfect…
For actions and situations that began in the past and continue to the present.
I have not smoked since 1995.

9. I have just spilled my coffee on my dress!
Function 4
We use the present perfect
To describe something that has JUST
happened.
I have just spilled my coffee on my dress!

10. What happened in the past continues to the present
I have not smoked since 1995.
This means that I stopped smoking in 1995 and I still don’t smoke today.
What happened in the past
continues to the present

11. Now let’s look at all the example sentences

12. She has visited Canada many times.
He has broken his leg.
She has visited Canada many times.
I have not smoked since 1995.
subject
helping verb V3
subject V3
helping verb
subject V3
helping verb
What is the same in all of these? Can you find the pattern?

13. have have has has has have have Present perfect form
Subject + have/has + V3
have
I’ve I
You He
She It We
They
have
You’ve
has
has
has
have
We’ve
have
They’ve

14. V3: The perfect form V1 V2 V3 be
was/were
been
eat
ate
eaten

15. The negative form of the present perfect
In order to make a present perfect
sentence negative, we just a “not”
after the helping verb but before the
V3…

16. Negative contractions
I’ve not
I have not
I haven’t
She has not
She hasn’t

17. Negative Form I’ve not been to Canada. We haven’t flown there yet.
She hasn’t seen that movie.

18. Question form Have/has + subject + V3
As always, when asking a yes/no
question, the helping verb comes first….
Have you seen that film?
Have/has + subject + V3
Has he seen that film?

19. SONG TIME!

20. Queen: We Are The Champions!

21. Time Expressions for the present perfect
ever
recently
for
lately
Not yet
since
yet
just
already

22. So what the heck is the difference between the past simple and the present perfect simple?

23. The past simple and present perfect
Present perfect: The action was completed in the past but the results of the action affect us now. Past simple: Something that happened in the past, refers to a fact.

24. The past simple vs. present perfect
There are specific time expressions that help us note the differences:

25. Present perfect simple (indefinite time) for since already just yet
Time expressions
Present perfect simple (indefinite time) for since already just yet
Past simple (specific time) yesterday last month last week in the 1960’s

26. Examples: The train ______________ (leave) a half hour ago.
I ______________ (not speak) to him yet this morning.
Yesterday, we ___________ (place) an ad in the paper to sell our car.
_________ (you/read) any books by Stephen King lately ?
left
have not spoken
placed
Have you read

27. How long / When
Another difference between the past simple and the present perfect simple is the questions that they answer….

28. How long have you been in Spain? When did you arrive in Spain?
When vs. How long…
Present perfect simple
Answers questions about how long something has been going on…
How long
How long have you been in Spain?
Past simple
Answers questions about when something happened in the past….
When
When did you arrive in Spain?