1. Industry Chapter 11 Industry: manufacturing of goods in a factory
An Introduction to Human Geography
The Cultural Landscape, 8e
James M. Rubenstein
Chapter 11
Industry
Industry: manufacturing of goods in a factory
Utilizes a large number of people, machinery, and money to turn out valuable products.
A generation ago, industry was highly clustered in a handful of MDC’s, but now has diffused to even LDC’s

2. Where is Industry Distributed?
¾’s of world’s industrial production is concentrated in 4 regions
1. Northwestern Europe & 2. Eastern Europe
3. Eastern North America
4. East Asia
Less than 1% of world’s land is devoted to industry

3. World Industrial Regions
Europe
European countries competed with each other
Western Europe:1 region
Eastern Europe: 6…4 in Russia, Ukraine, Poland & Czech Republic
North America
Happened later, but developed faster
Northeast U.S., Southeast Canada
5% of land but 1/3 of people and 2/3 output
East Asia
Isolated from world markets
abundant cheap labor force
South Korea, Taiwan
Japan: highly skilled jobs at lower cost
China: largest labor force in manufacturing

4. Europe Industrial Rev: originated in UK and Scotland
High concentration of skilled workers, mechanics, inventors
Coal and iron ore: Steel!!!!
Diffusion of railway system corresponded with IR (TRADE!)
Rhine-Ruhr Valley, Mid-Rhine, Northern Italy

5. Industrial Revolution Hearths
Fig. 11-1: The Industrial Revolution originated in areas of northern England. Factories often clustered near coalfields.

6. Diffusion of Railways
Fig. 11-2: The year by which the first railway opened shows the diffusion of railways and the Industrial Revolution from Britain.

7. Europe: Origin and Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution
Diffusion from the iron industry
Diffusion from the textile industry
Diffusion from the United Kingdom

8. North America
Manufacturing in NE U.S.: iron and other minerals located here, first settlers here
Biggest markets are located here
Steel factories around Great Lakes
St. Lawrence Valley: hydroelectric power
Minimills for steel production: smaller, less process, one step as opposed to integrated mills: all jobs done at this mill to get final product

10. Manufacturing Regions
Fig. 11-3: The world’s major manufacturing regions are found in North America, Europe, and East Asia. Other manufacturing centers are also found elsewhere.

11. Industrial Regions of North America
Fig. 11-4: The major industrial regions of North America are clustered in the northeast U.S. and southeastern Canada, although there are other important centers.

12. Manufacturing Value Change
Fig. 11-5: The value and growth of manufacturing in major metropolitan areas in the U.S. between 1972 and 1997.

13. Manufacturing Centers in Western Europe
Fig. 11-6: The major manufacturing centers in Western Europe extend in a north-south band from Britain to Italy.

14. Manufacturing Centers in Eastern Europe and Russia
Fig. 11-7: Major manufacturing centers are clustered in European Russia and the Ukraine. Other centers were developed east of the Urals.

15. East Asia
Isolated from other world markets: forced to use own resources, Japan imports natural resources
Japan: high quality, expensive products, low cost >>> workers paid less
All on the coast or island countries for trade
Few natural resources
Wealth gap between east and west coast (east is urban, west is rural)

16. Manufacturing Centers in East Asia
Fig. 11-8: Many industries in China are clustered in three centers near the east coast. In Japan, production is clustered along the southeast coast.