1. Introduction to Windows XP Professional
Chapter 1
Introduction to Windows XP Professional

2. Learning Objectives Describe the Windows XP family of products
Describe the major features of the Windows XP environment
Understand the Windows XP intelligent user interface
Understand the two major networking models under which Windows XP can be used
Understand the architecture of Windows XP

3. A simplified diagram of how data and information flows in an Operating System
The User Interface
Accepts data from input devices such as the mouse and keyboard
Outputs information to display devices.

4. Application Program Interface (API)
A simplified diagram of how data and information flows in an Operating System
Application Program Interface (API)
Acts as an interface for application programs, the user interface and utilities to access the internal services of the OS

5. A simplified diagram of how data and information flows in an Operating System
The Kernel
Manages memory by locating and allocating space to programs.
Schedules time for programs to execute
Provides communications between programs that are running
Manages and arranges services and resources that are provided by other modules
Controls security

6. File Management System
A simplified diagram of how data and information flows in an Operating System
File Management System
Allocates and manages secondary storage space
Translates file requests from their name-based form into specific I/O requests

7. A simplified diagram of how data and information flows in an Operating System
I/O Drivers
Perform the actual storage and retrieval of files
I/O drivers provides control over one or more hardware devices that are part of the computer

8. A simplified diagram of how data and information flows in an Operating System
Network Module
Controls interaction between the computer and networks

9. Windows XP (five products)
Windows Profesional XP 64-Bit Edition
Designed to work with 64 bit processors form Intel and ADM
Released in spring 2003
Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
Designed for computers that serve as multimedia operating centers
Tuned to maximize the experiences with video, audio, images, television, and CD/DVD playback.

10. Windows XP (five products)
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
Designed specifically for use on Tablet PC’s.
Has improved speech and pen recognition technologies
Windows XP Home Edition
Designed specifically for stand alone home use.
Same as Windows XP professional but does not support a number of features.

11. Windows XP (five products)
Windows XP Professional
Designed for stand alone use or to be part of a workgroup or domain network client.
Idea client for connecting to Windows 2003 server or Windows server 2007.
The majority of the class will deal with this version of Windows.

12. Windows 7 Versions Starter Home Premium Professional Enterprise
Ultimate

13. The Windows XP Environment (major characteristics)
Plug and Play
Automatically detects presence of new hardware.
Installs the appropriate device driver.

14. The Windows XP Environment (major characteristics)
Multiple Processors
Supports true multiprocessing.
Will support quad core processors.

15. The Windows XP Environment (major characteristics)
Multitasking
Mode of CPU operation in which computer processes more than one task at a time.
Windows XP supports two type of multitasking.
Preemptive
Cooperative

16. The Windows XP Environment (major characteristics)
Multithreading
Individual tasks within single process space operate independently as separate execution modules called threads.
Remember a CPU can execute only one thread of code at a time.
All threads share same memory and system resources
Allows OS to execute multiple threads from single application concurrently

17. The Windows XP Environment (major characteristics)
Security
Protected mandatory logon system
Memory protection
System auditing
Precise controls on file and directory access

18. The Windows XP Environment (major characteristics)
Help and Support Services
Comprehensive Help system
Step-by-step guides
Topical and index organizations
Online help

19. The Windows User Interface
The Desktop
Microsoft labels this as the “user experience”

20. The Windows User Interface

21. The Start Menu

22. The Taskbar Running Programs Notification Area Quick Launch
Media Player

23. Windows XP Architecture
Windows XP is a modular OS.
Modules are small software elements that cooperate to provide the systems computing and networking capabilities.
Each module consists of unique functions, code segments and system controls
The modules communicate with each other through well defined interfaces.
This modular system allow for easy expansion and patches as needed.

24. Windows XP Architecture
All Windows XP processes operate in one of two modes;
User mode
Kernel mode
These modes represent a certain level of system and hardware access.

25. Windows XP Architecture (User Mode)
An isolated portion of the system environment in which user applications execute.
Provides only mediated access to Windows XP system resources.
Any request for services must pass through the Executive Services components of the kernel mode to obtain access.

26. Windows XP Architecture (User Mode)
The Application Program Interface (API) supports three core environment sub-systems.
Win 32
Win 16
DOS.
Win 16 and DOS programs run in API’s that emulate there native environment, however WIN32 controls the interface and all I/O requests.

27. Windows XP Architecture
Windows XP is an object orientated operating system.
An Object is a collection of attributes with associated data values, plus a set of related services that can be performed on that object.
Objects have an existence independent of any particular process in the Windows XP environment.

28. Windows XP Architecture
Objects are defined by
Type – what attributes and servises they support
Instance – defines a specific entity of a certain type
An example
There may be many object of the type defined as “files” but only one can have a unique combination of directory specification and file name.

29. Windows XP Architecture
Windows XP controls access to individual objects.
It can control which users and groups can perform particular services related to each object.

30. Windows XP Architecture
Part of the user mode is the security subsystem.
This subsystem is responsible for the logon process.
Works directly with the kernel mode to verify the username and password.
To obtain access to the login sequence the user must be at a locally connected keyboard.

31. Windows XP Architecture
In network applications the attention sequence is used.
Ctrl+Alt+Delete
This sequence can not be faked remotely, it guarantees that the login process can not be used by remote hackers to gain access to a local computer operations.

32. Windows XP Architecture
Logging on to Windows XP in Local Mode

33. Windows XP Architecture
Logging on to Windows XP when connected to a network

34. Windows XP Architecture (kernel mode)
The mode which controls the inner works of the Windows XP OS.
Some key element of the kernel mode stay resident in memory at all times.
Handles process priorities and process scheduling.
Provides the ability to preempt currently running processes and schedule new processes.

35. Windows XP Architecture (kernel mode)
The kernel mode insulates the core operating systems from the user mode subsystem.
The user application must request any access to hardware and low-level resources from the kernel mode.
Windows checks the access requests against the access permission located in the token associated with the requestor.

36. Windows XP Architecture (kernel mode)
This approach helps maintain control over the entire computer and protect the system from ill-behaved applications.

37. Windows XP Architecture (kernel mode)
The kernel mode may be divided into three subsystems;
Executive services
Kernel
Hardware abstraction layer (HAL)
These three subsystems run in privileged mode which allows direct access to all system resources.

38. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
Executive services are the interfaces that allow the kernel and user mode to communicate.
The executive services consist of the following;

39. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
I/O Services
Handles all operating system input and output.
This includes
Receiving requests for I/O from applications
Determining which driver is needed
Requesting that drive for the application

40. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
The components for the I/O manager
Cache manager – handles disk caching for all file systems.
Network drivers – the software components that enable communication with the network
Device drivers – 32-bit and multiprocessor-compatible minidrivers that enable communication with devices.

41. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
Security Reference Monitor (SRM)
Compares the access rights of the user with the access control list (ACL) associated with an individual object.
Whenever a process is launched by a user the process inherits the rights defined by the users security token.

42. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
Internal Process Call (IPC) manager
Controls application communications with server processes such as the WIN32 subsystem.
Virtual Memory Manage
Keeps track of addressable memory spaces in the Windows XP environment
Includes physical RAM and one or more page files on disk (virtual memory).

43. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
Process Manager
Tracks two kernel dispatch objects, processes and threads.
Responsible for creating and tracking processes and threads and cleaning up after they are no longer needed.
Plug and Play Manager
Handles the loading, unloading and configuring device drivers for Plug and Play devices.
Allows the hot-swapping of devices.

44. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
Power Manager
Monitors and controls the use of power.
Windows Manager
Introduces a method of network-based centralized control to Window XP
File System Manager
Responsible for maintaining access and cotnrol over the file systems of the Windows XP environment.
Controls file I/O transfers fro all the file systems.

45. Windows XP Architecture (Executive Services)
Object Manager
Maintains object naming and security function for all system objects
It allocates the use of objects, monitors there use and removes them when no longer needed
Maintains the following system objects.
Directory objects
ObjectType objects
Link objects
Event Objects
Process and thread objects
Port objects
File objects

46. Windows XP Architecture
The Hardware Abstraction Layer
The goal of this layer is to isolate any hardware dependent code to prevent direct access to hardware
HAL is low-level hardware dependent code.
HAL is built during the initial installation of the OS
If significant changes are made to the OS, the HAL must be rebuilt, this may require reinstallation of the OS.

47. Windows XP Memory Architecture
Uses a flat 32-bit memory model
Based on a virtual memory, demand page method of addressing up to 4GB.
Demand page is the characteristic where an application can request (demand) a specific item from memory.

48. Windows XP Security Technologies
Windows Firewall
Security Center
Attachment Manager
Encrypting File System
Security management policies

49. The Help and Support Center
Security Center

50. The Roll of Windows XP in Organizations
Workgroup networks
Domain networks

51. The Roll of Windows XP in Organizations
Windows XP in a Workgroup Network
Simple to design and implement
Localized security
Convenient for smaller networks; does not scale well

52. The Roll of Windows XP in Organizations
Windows XP in a Domain Network
More complex to design and implement
Centralized security
Required for large networks; scales very well