1. South Africa PRIMA Operating Rules

2. Model Trans-boundary Operating Process PRIMA,TPTC etc Trans-boundary Agreement Operational Committee Representatives for water management institutions (WUA, CMA etc) Operational Committee Representatives for water management institutions (WUA, CMA etc) Define integrated operating objectives Model Determine operating rule Current catchment conditions Determine operations for next season (Restrictions) Determine operations for next season (Restrictions) Local Water Management Authority Local Water Management Authority Compliance check PRIMA Operations Task Team/Data Unit PRIMA Operations Task Team/Data Unit

3. System interactions MIS DSS Operator Mike Basin Water use Dam Levels Operating Rules Super user -Access and change everything Super user -Access and change everything Operator -Access limited through GUI Operator -Access limited through GUI Viewer -Access limited cannot change system information Viewer -Access limited cannot change system information

4. Operating Rules Process Define operating objective -Per catchment resource -Integrated operating objective (international and ecological requirements) Define operating objective -Per catchment resource -Integrated operating objective (international and ecological requirements) Determine operating rule -Per catchment/dam -Integrated operating rule Determine operating rule -Per catchment/dam -Integrated operating rule Review operating rule -Determine critical period -Test medium term operations -Stochastic runs -Dam trajectories -Check assurance of supply Review operating rule -Determine critical period -Test medium term operations -Stochastic runs -Dam trajectories -Check assurance of supply Short term/Compliance -Compliance -Operating rule -Dam levels -Releases -Restrictions -Water use (Water balance) -Flows (Environmental requirement) Short term/Compliance -Compliance -Operating rule -Dam levels -Releases -Restrictions -Water use (Water balance) -Flows (Environmental requirement)

5. Example Developing and Operating Rule Define the operating objectives 1.Use water from run of river first then if this is not sufficient release water from Kwena Dam 2.Normal: 1.Dam level should be back above 90% the next May. An increase in dam level of more than 40% can be expected from November to May. 2.Dam level should preferably not go down below 60% but be kept above 50% as far as possible. 3.Restrictions should normally be implemented from May to October/November. Conservative approach in winter months 4.Wet season turning about November/December dam fills. Generally keep dam level to 60% at 15 December.

6. Example Developing and Operating Rule Define the operating objectives 1.Drought: 1.Dam level should at least be back at 70% if the previous year was a drought year. Increase in dam level of 30% to 35% could be expected if it is a dry year again. 2.Dam level should not go down below 35% but preferably be kept above 40% under these conditions. 3.If it is the third or fourth year of a drought and still a dry year ahead under these conditions it is possible to go down to below 20% but not lower than 15% depending on the time of the year and the forecast. 4.In a drought we assume the turning point to be much later and we work on the end of January.

7. Example Developing and Operating Rule Determine the operating rule Normal condition Choose representative hydrological sequence (50 th percentile) Choose a dam level and iteratively restrict users in so that we reach a level of 90% at May the next year Change the dam level and repeat the process Create a curve showing restriction level versus dam level for normal condition Drought condition Choose representative hydrological sequence (25 th percentile) Choose a dam level and iteratively restrict users in so that we reach a level of 70% at May the next year Change the dam level and repeat the process Create a curve showing restriction level versus dam level for normal condition Two curves generated for drought and normal condition

8. Development of operating rules Dam Level(%)Restriction LevelPercentage of allocation 9024%76% 8033%67% 7046%54% 6057%43% 5066%34% 4076%24% 3095%5% 20100%0% 10100%0%

9. Example Developing and Operating Rule Determine the operating rule

10. Example Developing and Operating Rule Review operating rules

11. Example Developing and Operating Rule Review operating rules

12. Verifying and checking

13. Integration Crocodile Mozambique Kaap Wit

14. Compliance Checking

15. System Overview Purpose: Give good general overview of system allowing manager to identify problems quickly Critical information presented on – Dams – Flows – Water Use – Missing information

16. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use System Overview (Double click on elements for more information) Flow: Meets IIMANot compliant Water use: 0-25% 25%-50% 50%-75% 75%-100% >100% Dam Level:

17. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Pongolapoort Dam Volume:1 200 000 m 3 Percentage full:70% Storage capacity: 780 000 m 3 Inflow:120 m 3 s -1 Release:90 m 3 s -1 Time series graphs Curtailment levels AssuranceLevelRestriction H0None M180% L175% Release comparison Release Status Forecasted Dam Trajectories Comparative Dam Trajectories

18. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Pongolapoort Dam Volume:1 200 000 m 3 Percentage full:70% Storage capacity: 780 000 m 3 Inflow:120 m 3 s -1 Release:90 m 3 s -1 Time series graphs Curtailment levels AssuranceLevelRestriction H0None M180% L175% Release comparison Release Status 1 Forecasted Dam Trajectories Comparative Dam Trajectories

19. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Pongolapoort Dam Volume:1 200 000 m 3 Percentage full:70% Storage capacity: 780 000 m 3 Inflow:120 m 3 s -1 Release:90 m 3 s -1 Time series graphs Curtailment levels AssuranceLevelRestriction H0None M180% L175% Release comparison Release Status 2 Forecasted Dam Trajectories Comparative Dam Trajectories 3 month average 1 month average

20. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Pongolapoort Dam Volume:1 200 000 m 3 Percentage full:70% Storage capacity: 780 000 m 3 Inflow:120 m 3 s -1 Release:90 m 3 s -1 Time series graphs Curtailment levels AssuranceLevelRestriction H0None M180% L175% Release comparison Release Status Forecasted Dam Trajectories Comparative Dam Trajectories

21. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Pongolapoort Dam Volume:1 200 000 m 3 Percentage full:70% Storage capacity: 780 000 m 3 Inflow:120 m 3 s -1 Release:90 m 3 s -1 Time series graphs Curtailment levels AssuranceLevelRestriction H0None M180% L175% Release comparison Release Status Forecasted Dam Trajectories Comparative Dam Trajectories

22. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Pongolapoort Dam Volume:1 200 000 m 3 Percentage full:70% Storage capacity: 780 000 m 3 Inflow:120 m 3 s -1 Release:90 m 3 s -1 Time series graphs Curtailment levels AssuranceLevelRestriction H0None M180% L175% Release comparison Release Status Forecasted Dam Trajectories Comparative Dam Trajectories

23. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Komatipoort Weir Flow rate YesterdayToday3 Day Average 1.832.5

24. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Water use information can be incorporated into the system However Existing water use data is not reliable and methodology for the collection of this information is not well established. Many areas no water meters are available and assessments based on remote sensing information tend to be inaccurate.

25. Prima Operations Home Dams Flows Water use Idea for identification of water use Run a water balance Loss/Gain = Upstream gauge + Tributaries (n) – Downstream gauge – estimated evaporation – Estimated seepage Loss/gain vs Allocation Idea for identification of water use Run a water balance Loss/Gain = Upstream gauge + Tributaries (n) – Downstream gauge – estimated evaporation – Estimated seepage Loss/gain vs Allocation

26. Thank you