2. The Amendments

3. I.The Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments)

4. A.1st Amendment Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and press, and the right of people to petition the government –No official religion –Citizens can criticize government –American press is not subject to prior restraint - that is, government censorship of information before it is published

5. 1st Amendment (cont.) 1.Slander (false speech intended to damage a person ’ s reputation) and libel (similar to slander except it applies to written or published statements) are both illegal 2.You must be responsible. For example, you cannot endanger the nation ’ s safety by giving away military secrets or call for the violent overthrow of the gov ’ t. 3.Don ’ t cry “ Fire ” in a crowded theatre

6. Is this O.K.? What do you think and why?

7. B. 2nd Amendment Right to Bear Arms Originally intended to prevent the national government from taking away weapons Can be regulated Right to Wear Sleeveless shirts

8. C.3rd Amendment Prohibits government from forcing people to provide shelter for soldiers In times of war this could be changed by law

9. D.4th Amendment Police must have probable cause (a reasonable basis to believe the person or premises is linked to a crime) to carry out an arrest or search A search or an arrest also requires a search warrant or an arrest warrant (these are orders signed by a judge describing a specific place to be searched for specific items or naming the individual to be arrested for a specific crime)

10. E.5th Amendment No one can be tried for a serious crime unless a grand jury has decided there is enough evidence to justify a trial Cannot be tried for the same crime twice Cannot be forced to testify against himself or herself Government cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law (gov ’ t needs to follow proper procedures in trials)

11. Miranda v. Arizona 1.You have the right to remain silent. 2.Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. 3.You have the right to an attorney. 4.If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.

12. F.6th Amendment Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. Why? Change of venue may be asked for as well Accused persons have the right to a lawyer

13. G.7th Amendment Right to a trial by jury for disputes about property worth more than $20

14. H.8th Amendment 1.Prohibits excessive bail 2.prohibits excessive fines 3.Bans cruel and unusual punishment (these are punishments that are out of proportion to the crime committed)

15. I.9th Amendment *protects all basic or natural rights not specifically noted in the Constitution J.10th Amendment *establishes that powers not given to the national gov ’ t - or denied to the states - by the Constitution belong to the states or to the people

16. II.Other Amendments A.11 th Amendment (1795) – prohibits a state from being sued in federal court by citizens of another state or of another nation B.12 th Amendment (1804) – required presidential electors to vote separately for president and vice president

17. III.Civil War Amendments A.13 th Amendment (1865) – abolished slavery B.14 th Amendment (1868) – originally intended to protect the legal rights of the freed slaves and their descendants. Today it protects the rights of citizenship in general by prohibiting a state from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without “ due process of law. ” C.15 th Amendment (1870) – prohibits the government from denying a person ’ s right to vote on the basis of race

18. IV.Later Amendments (20 th Century) A.16 th Amendment (1913) –Gave Congress the power to levy individual income taxes –Progressive tax – assigned higher tax rates to people with higher incomes

19. B.17 th Amendment (1913) Provided for the election of U.S. Senators by direct popular vote instead of by state legislatures Mark Dayton Norm Coleman

20. C.18 th Amendment (1919) Outlawed the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages (Prohibition)

21. D.19 th Amendment (1920) Guaranteed women the right to vote (Women ’ s Suffrage)

22. E.20 th Amendment (1933) Shortened the time between a presidential election and inauguration by designating January 20 as Inauguration Day; set January 3 as the date for the opening of a new Congress

23. F.21 st Amendment (1933) Repealed the 18 th Amendment and empowered Congress to regulate the liquor industry

24. G.22 nd Amendment (1951) Limited presidents to 2 full terms in office – Why?

25. H.23 rd Amendment (1961) Granted voters in the District of Columbia the right to vote for president and vice president.

26. I.24 th Amendment (1964) Outlawed poll taxes (taxes paid in order to vote) in federal elections. Why were these used?

27. J.25 th Amendment (1967) Provided for succession to the office of president in the event of death or incapacity and for filling vacancies in the office of the vice president

28. K.26 th Amendment (1971) – extended the right to vote to 18-year olds L.27 th Amendment (1992) – banned Congress from increasing its members ’ salaries until after the next election What are some ideas for future amendments?