1. POL 454 THE GULF MONARCHIES

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z d92oAUjffY Your moment of Zen…

3. THE GULF MONARCHIES I. SAUDI ARABIA II. THE REST OF THE PENINSULA a. Kuwaitc. Qatare. Oman b. Bahraind. UAEf. Yemen Terms to Know Ikhwanibn SaudGCC Al-Saidal-SabahAl-Khalifah Majlis al-shuraal-ThaniAQAP Sudayri Seventawhidtaqarub Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahab wahhabismHouthi IbadiZaidiijma Federal Supreme Council

4. ARABIAN PENINSULA Arab Islam: Sunni Wahhabism Shia Ibadi Zaidi Oil Family British protectorates http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Persian_Gulf/images/PersianGulfExportsByCountryv3.gif

5. Strategies governments use to keep societies at peace (Byman & Green) Monarchy Qu’ran as constitution Ijma: rule by public consensus Partial democratization (Herb) free elections for a parliament of limited authority

6. I. SAUDI ARABIA 1744Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahab swears mithaq (covenant) with the al- Saud to build a puritanical state 1803Saudis take Mecca 1902Abdul Aziz ibn Saud conquers Riyadh with help of the Ikhwan 1925Sauds retake Mecca after Sherif Husayn declares self Caliph 1932Saudi Arabia founded http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/gulf/images/sf186_02a.jpg

7. Saudi Arabia http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saud/tree/ Ibn Saud Ruled til 1953 22 wives, 44 sons (Est. 80-100 children) Sudayri Seven http://www.intelligenceonline.com/NETWORKS/FILES/471/471.asp?ru b=networks

8. Between tawhid and taqarub (M.S. Doran) Tawhid: "monotheism," defined by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab polytheists and idolaters (Christians, Jews, Shi`ites) out to destroy true Islam. US attacked Sunni Muslims in Afghanistan & Iraq; supports the Jews v. Sunni Palestinians; promotes Shiite interests in Iraq; presses Saudis to liberalize Prince Nayef (Interior Minister) Anti-state Islamists Grand Mosque 1979 AQAP & Haramain Brigade Taqarub: rapprochement with non-Muslims. Downplays jihad, allowing Saudis to live in peace with Americans, Jewish Israelis, & Shi`ite

9. Islamo-Liberal Trends “Letter of Demands” to King Fahd in 1991 Committee for the Defence of Legitimate Rights founded in 1993. Society for Protecting and Defending Women’s Rights 1990 and 2008 “stunt” driving protests 2007 petition for the right to drive

10. Reform in the Kingdom Fahd’s New Title: Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Tranquility Campaign BASIC LAW OF 1992 Majlis al-shura 2002: right to propose legislation 2005: 150 members 2002 municipal elections Women barred from vote and candidacy

11. IIA. Kuwait 1899 British protectorate 1961 Independence Current leader: Sheikh Sabah Al- Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Diwaniyya: weekly local meetings 1963 National Assembly (50 seats) 2006 Vote to force abdication of Crown Prince Shaykh Sa’d Abdullah 2005 electoral law gave women right to vote and run 2009: 4 women elected MPs http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7399438.stm Education Minister Nuriya Al Sebih Housing Minister Mudhi Al Humoud http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/05/200951711368608195.html http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/05/20095171338473416.html 2009 election results Seats Independents 21 Sunni Islamist13 Liberals7 Shia Islamist6 Popular Bloc3 Total (turnout 50 %) 50 Source: Kuwait Politics DatabaseKuwait Politics Database

12. IIB. Bahrain 1783 Al Khalifah rule 1880 British protectorate 1971 independence 2002 Constitutional changes Creates appointed upper house 2/3 opposition needed to overrule ministries women allowed to vote and run 2010 Elections Arrests & website shutdowns Al Wefaq lead; Sunni still rule

13. IIC. Qatar Al-Thani family rule 1916 British protectorate 1970 independence Sunni wahhabist regime Municipal council in which women can run and vote 2003 constitution calls for elections to Advisory Council 2/3 elected; 1/3 appointed Elections postponed to 2013

14. IID. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES President Khalifa bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (2004), ruler of Abu Dhabi Federal Supreme Council (FSC) the seven emirate rulers the highest constitutional authority in the UAE Abu Dhabi and Dubai rulers have veto power unicameral Federal National Council Reviews legislation but cannot change or veto 456 candidates (65 women) ran for 20 contested seats; one female won

15. IIE. Oman 1700s Unification under Imam Ahmad ibn Said 1800s British protectorate 1951 granted rule by British 1970 coup by son Qaboos ibn Said al-Said Elected majlis al-shura; women may vote & hold office http://www.omanet.om/english/government/hmspage/tribute.asp

16. IIF. Yemen (virtually) no oil (virtually) no wealth Not part of GCC Part British protectorate Part former monarchy Yahya Hamid al-Din & Muhammad al- Badr ( Zaydi Hashemites) of N.Yemen Ottoman North: 1962 civil war in Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) British South: 1967 People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) 1990 Unification

17. The Trouble with Yemen TROUBLES IN THE NORTH HOUTHI: Zaidi movement calls for return of the Zaidi Imam, greater political inclusion & distribution of resources. TROUBLES IN THE SOUTH SOUTHERN MOVEMENT: tribal sheikhs, students & poor led by former S.Yemen Pres. Ali Salem al-Baydh 2007 protests demanding higher pensions after forced retirements after unification. TROUBLES ALL AROUND AQAP President Saleh GPC Party President for life? Council of Deputies Opposition Joint Meeting Parties (JMP) 2011 boycott?