1. CPR and First Aid Junior Health

2. Why learn CPR & First Aid? skills to: skills to: –Prevent –recognize –provide basic care for injuries and sudden illnesses until a medical professional arrives

3. Take action… How many Americans are hospitalized every year because of injuries? How many Americans are hospitalized every year because of injuries?

4. Answer: Over 2 million Over 2 million

5. Take action… How many of the 2 million die because no one knew what to do? How many of the 2 million die because no one knew what to do?

6. Answer: 142,000 142,000

7. *Recognizing an Emergency Unusual sights Unusual sights Unusual behaviors or appearances Unusual behaviors or appearances Unusual odors Unusual odors Unusual noises Unusual noises

8. Emergency Action Steps Once an emergency has been recognized… Once an emergency has been recognized… *CHECK-CALL-CARE* *CHECK-CALL-CARE*

9. CHECK ALWAYS check the scene 1 st to ensure your safety (find out # of victims, what happened, look for bystanders to assist you) ALWAYS check the scene 1 st to ensure your safety (find out # of victims, what happened, look for bystanders to assist you) Check the victim for consciousness Check the victim for consciousness –“Are you okay?” –*Best way to do it (tap and shout)

10. CALL Call 9-1-1 or have someone else call EMS to the scene Call 9-1-1 or have someone else call EMS to the scene CARE for the victim CARE for the victim

11. Check-Call-Care *Get consent *Get consent *Ask questions *Ask questions *Do not touch or move painful, injured areas on the body *Do not touch or move painful, injured areas on the body *If you think the person is in shock…DO NOT GIVE THEM ANYTHING TO DRINK

12. SHOCK Life threatening condition Life threatening condition Not enough blood is being delivered to all parts of the body- organs begin to fail Not enough blood is being delivered to all parts of the body- organs begin to fail Signs of shock Signs of shock –Irritable –Nausea –Rapid breathing and pulse –Pale, cool and moist skin –Excessive thirst

13. Care for shock Call 9-1-1 Call 9-1-1 Monitor ABCs Monitor ABCs Keep person comfortable and reassure them Keep person comfortable and reassure them Do NOT elevate legs (to avoid any further injury) Do NOT elevate legs (to avoid any further injury)

14. Good Samaritan Law gives legal protection to people who willingly provide emergency care to injured people without expecting anything in return gives legal protection to people who willingly provide emergency care to injured people without expecting anything in return Designed to encourage people to help others Designed to encourage people to help others

15. Good Samaritan Law Use common sense Use common sense Do not exceed the scope of your training Do not exceed the scope of your training Do your best to save a life or to prevent further injury Do your best to save a life or to prevent further injury

16. CONSENT Obtaining consent is another form of protection Obtaining consent is another form of protection You MUST get consent before caring for a conscious victim You MUST get consent before caring for a conscious victim

17. To get consent- State your name. State your name. Tell the victim you are trained in 1 st Aid. Tell the victim you are trained in 1 st Aid. Ask the victim if you can help. Ask the victim if you can help. Explain what you think may be wrong. Explain what you think may be wrong. Explain what you plan to do. Explain what you plan to do.

18. What if… the victim does not give consent- the victim does not give consent- - *DO NOT give care. Just call 9-1-1*. - *DO NOT give care. Just call 9-1-1*. the victim is Unconscious- the victim is Unconscious- –A victim who is unconscious, confused or seriously ill may not be able to grant consent. –consent is IMPLIED

19. What about children? Implied consent applies to minors (under 18 y.o.) who obviously need emergency help when no parent/guardian is present. Implied consent applies to minors (under 18 y.o.) who obviously need emergency help when no parent/guardian is present.

20. Preventing Disease Transmission precautions to protect yourself from disease transmission precautions to protect yourself from disease transmission –Avoid contact with blood and body fluids –Use gloves, breathing barriers –Wash hands with soap and water immediately after giving care

21. Risk The risk of getting a disease while giving 1 st Aid is extremely low The risk of getting a disease while giving 1 st Aid is extremely low Taking precautions can reduce the risk even further Taking precautions can reduce the risk even further How are diseases transmitted? How are diseases transmitted? –through contact with blood or body fluids, through the air, through contaminated water and food and by animals and insects

22. What can be transmitted through blood? HIV- can only be transmitted through exposure to infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk (NOT by touching a person’s unbroken skin). HIV- can only be transmitted through exposure to infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk (NOT by touching a person’s unbroken skin).

23. What can be transmitted through blood? Hepatitis B- transmitted through unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected blood (not casual contact like shaking hands, water fountains) Hepatitis B- transmitted through unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected blood (not casual contact like shaking hands, water fountains)

24. Universal Precautions/Standard Precautions *Minimize the risk of disease transmission *Minimize the risk of disease transmission Treat everyone’s blood and bodily fluid as if it were INFECTED. Treat everyone’s blood and bodily fluid as if it were INFECTED. Put all materials that contain blood or bodily fluids in its own separate container. Put all materials that contain blood or bodily fluids in its own separate container.

25. Gloves Correct way to remove gloves. Correct way to remove gloves. Wash hands once gloves are removed. Wash hands once gloves are removed.