1. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques Section 1.1

2. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 2 The aim of this section is to provide peacekeepers with an understanding of the procedures and techniques involved in conducting verifications and investigations in a complex United Nations peace operation environment. Aim

3. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 3 On completion of this section, participants will be able to: Understand the definition, aim and phases of the verification process in a United Nations peace operation environment to allow peacekeepers to conduct verification. Understand the definition, identify the types, and be aware of the investigative procedures to allow peacekeepers to conduct investigation. Learning Outcome

4. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 4 Verification is “the process of establishing the truth or validity of something” (PSO Field Manual B- GG-007-001/FP-001) A definition

5. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 5 Verification Aim Authority Scheduling a verification

6. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 6 Phase 1Planning, preparation and briefing Phase 2Execution Phase 3Debriefing and reporting Phases of a verification/inspection

7. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 7 Phase 1 Planning, Preparation and Briefing Clarify the aim and objectives. Plan the route and localities to be visited. Determine whether a Liaison Officer will be required. Check your vehicle and kit requirements, procedures, restrictions. Select and check the verification kit. Ensure you have your ID card. Mount the UN flag on the vehicle.

8. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 8 Phase 2 Execution Always enter positions through the main entrance. Count armaments according to the agreement. Be sure you cover the entire area. Maintain continuous radio contact with your HQ. Log/note all figures in your file and ensure that all members sign the file before dropping the LO off. Request from the operations centre the time they logged your reports on restrictions and special incidents for ease of future reference (“log-in time”) Never show maps, figures or results to non-mission personnel. Report facts only; no speculations or guesswork.

9. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 9 Phase 2 Execution (cont.) Be suspicious and cautious, yet polite. Never expose yourself to unnecessary danger during the investigation. Be strictly impartial and do not yield to pressures from any party. In addition to your task, observe road conditions, terrain and the presence of obstacles of any kind, especially minefields.

10. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 10 Phase 3 Debriefing and Reporting Complete a debriefing and patrol report immediately upon your return from the verification mission.

11. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 11 MEoMs may be required to be the initial investigating authority for an incident. Investigations

12. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 12 Firing violation Construction upgrading Entries into DMZ Hostage-taking, hijacking, abductions or missing persons Assaults or murders Human rights violations Types of investigations

13. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 13 Authority to conduct complete investigations will be stipulated in the Force agreement and mandate. Authority to conduct investigations

14. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 14 Clarify the aim of the investigation Conduct a map reconnaissance Assemble the required kit Collect and review pertinent information Identify, and if required, contact other parties Verify current restrictions Notify HQ of their destination /intentions Brief the investigative team. Preparations for investigations

15. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 15 Investigative procedure Maintain radio contact and reporting movement progress Recording all activity and details such as: Upon arrival, isolating and protecting the scene: Designate responsibilities for undertaking: Then, attempt to determine what happened Draw conclusions

16. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 16 Verbal Material Circumstantial Forms of Evidence

17. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 17 Record the location. If possible, photograph the evidence. Do not disturb evidence Minimize the number of persons handling the evidence Maintain a record that defines the continuity of evidence Use a scale of reference when photographing evidence. Evidence Handling

18. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 18 Confirm their identities Ascertain and record where they can be found or reached Separate witnesses A witness can become a suspect Consider a witness’s motivation to talk Witnesses

19. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 19 Compare notes Assess the credibility of witnesses Identify any corroborating information Identify any contradictory information Exercise caution in drawing conclusions Evidence Assessment

20. Section 1.1 Basic UN verification and investigation techniques UN Peacekeeping PDT Standards, Specialized Training Material for Military Experts on Mission 1 st Edition 2009 Slide 20 QUESTIONS?