1. Ch. 11: Patterns of Settlement Vocabulary: “push-pull” theory, immigrants, canal, minerals, plantation, Watauga, Fort Nashborough

2. “Push-Pull” Theory Migration is where people move from one place to another place. Immigrants are people who leave a country to live in another country. Scientist use the “Push-pull” theory to explain why people immigrate to other countries. Situations “push” people out of countries, like a government that does not let you worship the way you want to, or the loss of your job or land. Other situations “pull” people into new countries, like a new job, or a better life for your family.

3. River Settlements Settlers originally built towns and cities next to waterways. They did this for many reasons: –Water to drink. –Water for crops. –Soil around rivers is good for farming. –Transportation for themselves and the cargo they carry with them is faster than overland. –Natural boundaries between themselves and other people, like the Native Americans, the English, the French, and the Spanish.

4. Rivers that Shaped America The Mississippi River is the most important, and longest river in North America. It winds from the city of New Orleans in Louisiana all the way up to Lake Itasca in Minnesota. Each year it carries more freight than any other river in the United States. The soil around the Mississippi river is the richest in the country for crops. For thousands of years Native Americans farmed and fished along the banks of the Mississippi.

5. Rivers that Shaped America The Hudson river runs through New York State from the Atlantic Ocean to right before Lake Erie. It forms the boundary between New York and New Jersey. It is named after the explorer Henry Hudson who was the first Englishman to discover the river. When the Erie Canal was finished, it connected the Hudson river to Lake Erie which connected the lake to the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the highest travelled shipping lanes in the United States.

6. Rivers that Shaped America There are two rivers in Massachusetts that shaped the country America grew up to be. The Charles River flows past Boston and empties into Boston Harbor. The Charles River valley is one of the most densely packed living areas in New England. The Mystic and the Merrimack Rivers were one of the biggest shipbuilding centers in the 1800s.

7. The Three Grand Divisions of Tennessee

8. East Tennessee Landscape and Resources East Tennessee is covered in mountains. Much of the region is covered in forests made up of oak, maple, beech, and walnut. The Great Valley is just west of the mountains, and tobacco grew well there. East Tennessee includes the Cumberland Plateau. The Cumberland Plateau is rich in minerals.

9. Middle Tennessee Landscape and Resources The Central Basin or Nashville Basin is located in Middle Tennessee. Since most of the land is flat, or slightly hilly, large farms were built in this area, called plantations. The soil around the Central Basin and Highland Rim were good for growing cotton and tobacco.

10. West Tennessee Landscape and Resources West Tennessee stretches across the Mississippi River flood plain. The land is very flat and slopes slightly downward toward the river. Since the soil is excellent, cotton is an important crop in West Tennessee.

11. Tennessee Settlements In the 1700’s Tennessee was the “wild west!” The first settlement in Tennessee was the town of Watauga. Watauga is located in East Tennessee in the Great Smoky Mountains next to the Watauga River.

12. Tennessee Settlements Fort Nashborough was built in the 1800s in the Central Basin. It would eventually become the city of Nashville. Fort Nashborough and the city of Nashville grew slowly at first, because the Appalachian Mountains were difficult to cross.

13. Tennessee Settlements The city of Memphis was built in West Tennessee as a French outpost called Fort Assumption. The river and low swamp lands around it, however, breed a lot of mosquitoes. Many people died from the diseases spread by the mosquitoes.

14. Questions about Chapter 11 1.Why were rivers important to early explorers? 2.What landform slowed the development of settlements in East Tennessee and Middle Tennessee? 3.What types of events push immigrants out of a place they live, or pull them to someplace new? Name 3 things. 4.What are the Three Grand Divisions of Tennessee? 5.What are four of the rivers that affected the early development of the United States?