1. Life During Wartime
Chapter 11 Section 3

2. Essential Question
How did the Civil War bring about social and economic changes in American society?

3. African Americans in the Union
Beginning of Civil War:
Free Africans Americans attempted to enlist in the army.
Not permitted because of 1792 law barring them from bearing arms in the U.S. Army.
Why else would Lincoln fear accepting black men into the Union Army?

4. African Americans in the Union
Militia Act of 1862:
Legislation allowing African Americans to participate as war laborers and soldiers.
Emancipation Proclamation:
Causes large scale enlistment.
End of the Civil War; 10% of the army.

5. African Americans in the Union Discriminated Against
Suffered Discrimination:
Paid $10 per month
Deducted $3 for clothing
White Soldiers:
Paid $13 per month
No clothing deduction
Served in segregated units.
Commanded by white officers.
Some failed to adequately train them.

6. African American Roles
Relief Roles
Nurses, Cooks, and Blacksmiths.
Spies and Scouts (Black Dispatches)
Valuable information about Confederate Forces, Plans, familiar terrain.

7. African Americans in the Union
Mortality Rate was higher due to:
Assigned labor duties and usually the first regiments that went into battle.
Faced harsher treatment than white prisoners.
Enslaved
Executed

8. African Americans in the Union
Battle of Fort Pillow, Tennessee:
April 12, 1864
Union Garrison of 600 suffered 575 casualties.
Dubbed a massacre:
Black soldiers attempted to surrender, Confederate forces killed.

9. Slaves in the Confederacy
Confederate Army:
Slave Labor Force
Population in CSA:
9 million (3 million slaves)
Mid Discussion of allowing colored militias serving:
Confederate War Office denies
Desperate Measure:
March 13th, 1865: Black slaves allowed to enlist.

10. Slaves in the Confederacy
Slaves during wartime:
Sought freedom behind the Union lines.
On Plantations:
Sabotage equipment by breaking plows and destroying materials on the farm.
Neglect livestock.
Slave owners feared slave uprisings:
Tightened slave patrols
Spread rumors of Union abuse of runaway slaves.

11. Discussion Agree or Disagree:
Africans Americans service in the Union military during The Civil War was a step towards equality.
African Americans served an important role for the Confederate Military.
Could this have been expanded?
Would it have made an impact?

12. Regional Economies Change
South:
Decline of Plantation System
Decline in trade
North:
Growth of Industries and Factories
New opportunities for Women and African Americans.

13. Southern Economy Experience Food Shortages because:
Drain of manpower in the Army.
Union occupation of food growing areas.
Loss of slaves to work in the fields.
Demand for food up, supply down:
Average in $6.65 per month
Average in $68 per month

14. Southern Economy Shortage(s): Funding Arms and Ammunition
Could not collect taxes from the states.
Arms and Ammunition
Some brought own guns, or scavenged battlefields for Union Weapons.
Military Supplies

15. Northern Economy Factories and Industries boomed:
Union Army’s need for uniforms, shoes, guns and other supplies.

16. Northern Economy THE DARK SIDE:
Wages for workers did not keep up with prices of goods and services.
White-male workers strike:
Employers hire blacks, immigrants, women, and boys to replace them.

17. Northern Economy
Northern Women experience new opportunity in work force in:
Farms
Government jobs
Mostly worked as store clerks and secretaries.
Earned less money than men.

18. Northern Economy
Businesses with government contracts make immense profits:
Provided cheaply made materials, spoiled food, and demanded higher prices for guns.
Congress enacts in 1863, The Federal Income Tax:
Tax that takes a specified percentage of an individuals income.

19. How did Wartime affect the Economies?
Northern
Southern
Industrial Boom
Huge Profits for Business
Low Wages
Decline in standard of living
Women entered the labor force
Income Tax
Decline of Plantation System
Shortages in :
Food
Funds
Trade
Supplies
Labor