1. BELLWORK 9/18 1.What was Pax Romana? Read pgs. 76-77 about the rise of Christianity in Rome: 2.Explain the origins of Christianity. 3.How did Christianity differ from Judaism? 4.How was Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire? How did the Romans respond to this? 5.What eventually allowed Christianity to become the official religion of Rome? Explain! 6.THINKER: How do you think Romans responded to the change in religion?

2. Upcoming events in history….. Friday: “Engineering an Empire – Rome” Monday: Fall of Rome Block 1: Review civilizations & study guide independent work Block 2: Short Answer Exam –Be able to compare/contrast two civilizations –Must have a thesis and three similarities/three differences with clear explanations/evidence –Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Israel, Persia, Greece, Macedonia, Rome Friday: Multiple Choice Exam (50 questions) –Study Guide is due! 50 points! –All late/missing work from unit 1 is due! –No current event! Instead, it is moved to NEXT Friday (10/2)

3. “Engineering and Empire: Rome”

4. No bellwork today (9/21), but be ready to discuss ……. The Roman Empire continued to grow during the period of Pax Romana, but by the late 300’s, the Empire suffered severe problems that will lead to their eventual downfall in the 5 th century. WHY? How could a strong empire, like Rome, collapse? What would lead to the downfall of an empire? Make a prediction…..

5. Fall of Rome End of the Empire

6. Throughout the 5 th century, the Empire’s territories in Europe and Africa fell to various invading or indigenous peoples 476AD – Division of the Empire Western Territory – Roman Empire; Eastern Territory – Byzantine Empire

7. Animated map of Middle East Empires http://www.mapsofwar.com/images/EMPIR E17.swf

8. Ten Theories on the Fall of Rome Historians continually debate the real reason why the Roman Empire collapsed (Most agree it was between the 4 th -5 th centuries) To learn more about why Rome fell, you are going to read ten theories that attempt to explain exactly HOW and WHY the empire collapsed. As you read, you will complete the corresponding worksheet. You will then write your own personal analysis……what do YOU think led to the fall of Rome? The theories include: Barbarian invasions, decline in morals/values, environment/health problems, excessive military spending, inferior technology, inflation, political corruption, rise in Christianity, unemployment & urban decay/overpopulation

9. Why did the Empire collapse? Historians continually debate the real reason why the Roman Empire collapsed Most agree it was between the 4 th -5 th centuries Many theories have been explored and most concern the breakdown of political, economic, military, and other social institutions –Combined with barbarian invasions and internal conflict Romulus Augustus, the last Roman emperor of the West, was overthrown by a Barbarian in 476.

10. BELLWORK (9/22) 1.Explain the importance of the Neolithic Revolution. 2.What was the Byzantine Empire? 3.Why were Barbarians able to invade the empire? Why couldn’t Rome’s strong military stop them? 4.Explain the economic problems leading to the fall of Rome. Include military spending, inflation & unemployment. 5.How did Rome’s government become corrupt? 6.THINKER: In your opinion, why did the Roman Empire collapse? Your answer may relate to a specific theory, or combination of multiple theories.

12. Why did Rome fall? Economic Reasons Gap between rich and poor Impoverished workers became tied to the land as coloni (sold as the land was sold) As fewer members of the lower classes could afford to buy goods (no purchasing power), manufacturing and trade declined Large estates became self- sufficient, further hurting manufacturing and trade Military Reasons Roman Republic Armies were servants of Rome Roman Empire Armies made and unmade emperors Reliance on barbarian troops Not ultimately loyal to Rome Could not be counted on to fight their fellow barbarians Interested in obtaining booty, not defending Rome or furthering Rome’s interests

13. Why did Rome fall? Political Reasons Decline in patriotism Democracy did not exist in reality Citizens lost their tie (voting rights) to the state Patriotism became based on loyalty to an emperor, not to Rome Most emperors did not inspire respect or loyalty East/West split Two empires created problems regarding loyalty No orderly succession Murders, forced suicides, and civil wars frequently accompanied the transition from one emperor to the next Social Reasons Population decline Hunger Plagues War Decline in intellectual culture People did not dedicate themselves to public service and intellectual pursuits People instead spent their leisure time watching chariot races and gladiatorial contests Religious divisions Eastern and Egyptian cults took away the popularity and status of traditional Roman religion New faiths like Christianity directly questioned and challenged concepts such as imperial divinity

14. Unit 1 Exam Tips Use your study guide as a basis for review. Study vocab! Pace yourself….. You will not be given extra time. Carefully read every question. For the short answer: Pick two civilizations that have a lot of similarities and differences! Practice writing a thesis…..what will you be arguing? Be able to provide examples of each. Do NOT just tell me everything you know about the topic…..your job is to compare and contrast the two, so you need to make clear connections between their similarities and differences. No length requirement

15. Thesis Statements A thesis is presented in the introduction and states exactly what you will be arguing. All evidence used in your short answer should relate back to your thesis. Which is a good example? Rome and Greece had a lot of similarities, but also, a lot of differences. Rome and Greece both started as city-states, developed polytheism, and gave more political power to the people. Although Greece and Rome had similar origins, religions, and governments, they differed in the types of government, use of the military, and reasons for decline.

16. BAD Example Ancient Greece, specifically Athens, implemented a new type of government; democracy. Democracy was the earliest form of government that gave more rights to the people. The Greeks were allowed to directly vote for their leaders and laws. After the fall of their last king, Rome implemented a Republic. This new political system gave citizens more of a voice in the government. It allowed citizens to vote for representatives in the Senate. The Senate would then make decisions on behalf of the people. Roman citizens in the Republic were allowed to vote and hold public office. GOOD Example One similarity between Ancient Greece and Rome was that both empires implemented new forms of government that gave more power to the citizens. Instead of previous rule by monarchs, Greece and Rome allowed citizens to vote in order to decrease corruption and give more of a political voice to the people. Although both Greece and Rome implemented citizen-based governments, they differed in the type. Greece had a democracy where people could vote directly on who was going to rule and which laws would be passed. On the other hand, Rome had a republic. This government still has aspects of a democracy, but is more based on representatives. Romans would elect representatives, who would then make decisions on their behalf. Even though the types of government were different, both gave more rights to the people and influenced modern governments.

17. Study Guide Independent Work!

18. Unit 1 Exam Agenda: September 25 th Turn in your study guide at the front table! Make sure all late/missing work is turned in to their corresponding trays (no unit 1 work is accepted after today!) Clear off your desk except a pencil & blank sheet of paper No Ipods until you are finished! Stay quiet until everyone is done! NO TALKING! Keep your eyes on your own exam! Do NOT write on the test! On scantron  Subject: Unit 1 Exam; Hour: 2; on back of scantron, number 1-10 (matching) & 1-5 (extra credit) Pace yourself! Start with essay (20-30 mins.) Carefully read each question! Erase/bubble answers completely! When you are completely finished, bring your test up to the front table.