1. A Compound is….. A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically combined.

2. A Mixture, on the other hand, is… A substance made from two or more different elements that have not been chemically combined, and which can be separated by physical means

4. A Mineral is a naturally occurring Inorganic Solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.

5. That means that… It can’t be organic in origin It can’t be a liquid and.. It has to have a crystal structure

6. 5 Characteristics of minerals are: 1. Inorganic 2. Solid 3. Occurs Naturally 4. Definite Chemical Composition 5. Atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern

7. Rocks that have a high percentage of Silicates are light in color, and are called Felsic rocks.

8. Rocks that have a low percentage of Silicates are dark in color, and are called Mafic rocks.

9. How do Minerals Form??? 1. Minerals form in cooling magma chambers

10. Different types of minerals crystallize at different temperatures Decreasing temperature Mineral formation in a Magma Chamber Bowen’s Reaction Series

11. Also the size of the mineral crystals is determined by the rate of cooling of the magma. -Large crystals form when the magma cools very slowly. -Small crystals form when the magma cools very quickly.

12. Olivine

13. Gabbro- Pyroxene and Olivine

14. Pyroxene

15. 2. Metamorphic Minerals: Some minerals occur as the result of Recrystallisation and Reaction within existing rocks which produces new minerals in response to changes in and

16. Pyroxene

17. 3. Some types of minerals form as water containing dissolved ions slowly evaporates. Salt deposits

19. A Crystal is…. A regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces called….

21. Minerals are identified and classified by visual inspection, and by performing simple tests to determine their physical properties

22. Color is the most easily observed, but least reliable property of a mineral for identification. This is because the color of many minerals varies with the kind of impurities in the mineral.

23. Streak is the color of the powder left on a streak plate when a mineral is rubbed on it. Streak is much more reliable than color because, although the color of a mineral changes, its streak does not.

24. Luster is the way in which a mineral shines in the light.

25. Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to split in a particular direction.

26. Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break in directions other than along crystal faces or cleavage surfaces.

27. Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched. The Mohs Hardness Scale is one of the most effective tool for identifying minerals.