1. Ch.16
The emergence of new markets and changes in tourist demand

2. Trends in the global tourism market
Worldwide Period of great change in…
The demand for new types of tourism product
Rejuvenation of some older established forms of tourism
Changes in the ways in which tourists purchase tourism product
The growth of outbound tourism from countries which traditionally have generated few international tourist trips

3. The all-inclusive vacation
Provided security for travellers unused to travelling to other countries
Tend to include travel, all needs, drinks, excursions, leisure activities and entertainment.
Popular with those tourists who know exactly how much their holiday will cost when they book it & enjoy the fact that they will only need to take small amount of money to spend
The all-inclusive concept has proved particularly popular in developing destinations…
in some destinations there is only a very limited choice of restaurants & poorly developed tourism infrastructure
because of a fear of crime & language difficulties
all-inclusive holidays tend to flourish at both ends

4. Children’s holidays ex. Camp America  English summer camp
the industry is now offering holidays for children… without parents
ex. Camp America  English summer camp
PGL in the UK  holiday with activities aimed at children
in France  farm-based accommodation to learn about life and work on a farm
motivator (for kids)  make new friends &
 feeling of being independent & grown up
for parents  making final purchase decision and paying the bill
major determinants of the choice are safety & security
Other reasons are feeling to make their children healthier or for educational purpose

5. The international wedding market
There has been a growing number of people travelling aboard to get married
Conventional weddings
for UK couples => Las Vegas & New England, Caribbean island, Cyprus
Tour operators provide the package which include the ceremony, food & drink, videos, flowers & music
Unconventional weddings
Exotic wedding eg. underwater, drift down under a shared parachute, bungee jump , ice cave etc.
Motivator is ‘status’ for being wed abroad, particularly if the location is perceived to be a particularly exclusive or exotic

6. Visiting sites associated with popular culture
The holiday package which include destination where films & television programmes are made, or settings for best-selling books
eg. Hollywood film studios  Warner Brothers
Film locations like ‘Sex & the city’, ‘Harry Potter’, ‘he Davinci Code’
- tourists who visit t.v & radio programme locations are older
- those who visit film locations tend to be younger
Visiting Elvis Presley’s home in Graceland
Visiting Old trafford or Anfield

7. Budget Cruising
For many years, the cruise market was the preserve of a small elite enjoying an exclusive leisure pursuit
In 1990s, tour operators offering cruises at budget prices, e.g. Brits were offered the chance to enjoy a week’s cruise in Mediteranean from around 300 pounds
Cruises companies are using new on-board leisure facilities & themed cruises to attract new younger market segments
The rise of budget cruises  make the up market cruises reviews their prces and offer more discounts

8. ‘No-frills’ airline travel
The demands are from the recession period in 1990’s, by leisure and business travellers
The emphasis is on informality & basic service.
They keep down costs by being paperless organizations & offer no ‘complementary’ (e.g. headphones, hot towels) in-flight services.
E.g. Southwest in US, Easyjet and Ryan air in UK
Popular not only for customers with limited income but also customers who recently paying a higher price

9. The direct booking phenomenon
As a result of the growth of technologies
It holds out the prospect of lower prices as there is no travel agency commission and/or better service is offered
E.g. Many tour operators have their own brands, so as more airlines, ferry companies, central reservation systems for major hotel chains
The rise in direct booking  results from the rise of small specialist tour they have to sell direct to their clients as they cannot guarantee a high enough volume of sales to interest most travel agents
Direct sell => ensure that the tourist should receive more detailed information about the product
=> offer a chance to receive direct feedback

10. The couples-only market
The segment has been taken more seriously for several reasons:
The growing number of couples that are making a conscious decision not to have children
The relatively high disposable income of this segment & the tendency to take several holidays per year
Romance & shared interests are major motivators & the desire to be in an adult-only ( no children ) environment

11. Travelling for one’s health
Travelling for health covers a multitude for types of demand:
visits to health resorts or health farms
activities holidays that designed to enhance physical fitness
seaside-resort based, seawater treatments ( thalassotherapy)
natural mud treatment & mineral water treatment
This segment will grow more in the near future, not only physical but also mental  because of :stressful work environment , more health conscious customers

12. Visits to religious retreats
Search for new spiritual values and the pressure of everyday’s life, stimulated the demand for trips to religious retreats in two ways:
visits to the homes of modern religious cults and sects , e.g. in UK, US, and Asia
visits by non-believers or agnostic to conventional religious retreats.. Not only for religious enlightenment, but also for relaxation and spiritual enrichment
In most retreats, life is simple & the comforts are few. Personal, private contemplation is often the core experience
What customer pay for? space and place to think or rethink

13. The eco-tourist
is someone whose main motivation is to see wildlife and communities in their natural habitat.
Eco-tourist is synonymous with sustainable tourist, and seen as less exploitative (low impact).
Eco-tourism seems to stem from two sources:
the growing concern over green issues
media wildlife and travelogue programmes which have increased awareness of destinations
People may also want to use the environment for sporting activities => the issue about the controversial dimension to eco-tourism
Eco-tourism is not an altruistic form of tourism, it is as self-indulgent as all forms of tourism.

14. Examples of eco-tourism products
Wildlife safaris
Journeys up the rivers to see native villagers
Visits to endangered rainforests
Natural history walking holidays in the mountain
Whale-watching

15. Russian tourists & Outbound tourism from Asia
The new Russian middle class has become wealthy, but there are difficulties of finding outlets for wealth in Russia.
Their popular destinations are – Dubai, Paris, London, and HK
Russian tourists are heavily spenders for shopping

16. There are two other markets
The growth of economies in the region leads to the rapid growth in outbound tourism from other countries like South Korea & Taiwan( in stead of Japan)
South korean & Taiwan tourists are increasingly travelling to worldwide destinations, including Europe and US
Tourists from HK, Malaysia, SG, and Indonesia, are increasingly travelling within South East Asia for short-duration shopping trips due to short distance & development of airlines in the region
There are two other markets
China & India (India have the largest middle class in the world)

17. We cannot stereotype all Asian tourists behaviors to be the same  need further study in their culture and the nature of demand
Korean tourists in US
Book later than other countries
Use packages tour more than other markets
While in US, often visit friends & relatives
Stay in US for longer
Dine out less and more likely to viist the national parks than other nationalities
Spend significantly less
Rely heavily for advice from travel agents