2. Higher & Intermediate 2 PE Information Processing System

3. How does your brain work? http://faculty.washington.edu/chudle r/java/ready.html http://faculty.washington.edu/chudle r/java/ready.html

4. Memory test 1409780074 http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/puz match.html http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/puz match.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtm0b ZA0JeY&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtm0b ZA0JeY&feature=related How many can you recall? Why?

5. Why Important? Why important? Key to becoming automatic Adjustments are made based on the info we receive. Helps us to identify factors limiting success. Results in a quicker motor response.

6. Processing Information When we are developing skills we have to consider how learning takes place.

7. Decisions…. Decisions..! What we ‘see’ as required in a game determines what we DO.

8. Your brain is like a computer handling all the information it receives There are different types of input: Your brain will process what you see (visual) What you hear (auditory) What you feel (sensory). When the brain receives messages it sorts them and makes sense of them so that messages can be sent to your muscles so that you produce the appropriate movement response to the movement problem your opponent has sent you.

9. Information Processing Model How to move and respond to the decision made Receive information about your performance Ongoing Process Information you receive from your senses Separate essential information from non essential information

10. Information processing system Your eyes watch and your ears listen to judge the situation. Your brain processes the information and makes decisions about what you are going to do. Your legs take you around the court to play the shuttle. Your brain makes the decisions about where your legs will take you and the timing. Your arm helps provide power to produce the strokes you play. Your brain sends messages to make your arm muscles work. The transfer of weight helps generate power of your shots Your racket hits the shuttle to send your opponent a ‘problem’ or to resolve a problem your opponent has sent you. Your brain makes decisions about the quality of ‘touch’ you will use.

11. This can be illustrated if we consider the brain as a computer, which receives information from our senses. This information is interpreted and compared with previous performances and then decisions are made. This is followed by the action. After the action, the brain receives information, which tells us if it was successful. This is called feedback and it is used to guide our next action once it is compared to previous actions and also our performance experience. Information Processing Model

12. Information is collected using the different senses of sight; touch, hearing from the external environment. Internally (intrinsically) information is used from the kinaesthetic sense, which informs the brain of the movements or position of joints, muscles, contractions and information about the body’s equilibrium. Externally (extrinsically) information is received from peers, observers or coach, about the quality of movement repertoire, strengths and weaknesses of the performance.

13. Information received by the brain will vary in importance. The more experienced performer will be better at selecting the appropriate information at the INPUT stage. Number???1409780074

14. This could come from: - watching the shuttle - watching opponent - from a call/shout - the rackets contact with the shuttle. The brain also receives information from joints and limbs- (kinaesthetic sense) also on some occasions, the sense of touch plays a part. The feeling of the racket (changing the grip) * * * * Relevant information is selected, interpreted and then used to make decisions. The memory and previous experiences are used in this process of decision making Experience plays a part in selecting the correct information. The more experienced player will find it easier to sort out the important information. The information that is used is linked with experiences stored in our memory. e.g. a badminton player watching an opponent play a backcourt overhead shot hears the sound of the racket and sees the speed and direction of the shuttle. He may judge from this input that a poor contact has been made and the shot will not go to the desired area. He responds by deciding to move to the correct position on court where he believes the shuttle will land. He then selects the appropriate shot to play. INPUTDECISION MAKING

15. OUTPUT When we react to a situation, our nervous system sends messages to the muscles about the movement needed. This is a complex process; e.g. to judge the correct force, the right timing, the direction of the action. e.g. the player decides to move to the middle of the court to get into the correct position before the shuttle arrives. The correct shot is then played to win the point or put his opponent under greater pressure.

16. F E E D B A C K VerbalVisualKinaestheticAuditoryVestibular Feedback is received immediately from the shot winning the point, the coach verbally praising the good shot selection etc.

17. Information Processing Model Now use the Information Processing Model to describe what you go through when doing an overhead clear, consider your stage of learning when answering this question. Remember the four headings INPUTDECISIONOUTPUTFEEDBACK MAKING

18. Central Heating Think about the THERMOSTAT for a Central Heating System Describe HOW this works to keep the house warm in Winter and cooler in Summer.

19. Basketball example: What information do you think this player is having to process in order to be successful?

20. Recap Input information from our senses and externally from other sources. The brain the sorts this information out and deems what is important. Information is retained in our long and short term memory for future use to aid performance improvements Short term memory (If I hit the net when smashing I know that I contacted the shuttle to late. This is retained in short term memory and correct when next executed. Learn from mistakes.

21. Recap continued The long term memory retains positive information on performance to reproduce good habits resulting in a quicker motor response. Decision is then made on the course of action which will be taken. The brain sends signals to the muscles of where and how to move to the shuttle, which technique to execute and the pace and direction of the shuttle based on further input information being relayed to the brain.

22. Differences between a novice and automatic performer A novice performer takes longer to process info Very selective about what they retain. Focusing on to many points of information results in errors and brain overload. React slower as messages to the working are muscles delayed Reduced range of shots. Less experience to draw upon to make appropriate decisions.

23. Testing your information processing system and retention of information. Next Wednesday 25mins – Exam conditions to tell me; 1Why the info processing system is important? 2How it works and what the model looks like? 3Example from badminton 4The differences between an novice and automatic performers info processing system. This is the only structure you should use. How can you prepare for this exam. 1 Read the following pages of your notes (19-24) numerous times to develop a structure and develop knowledge and retention. 2 Look at the wiki space powerpoint for a reminder. 3On Page 25-26 there is a former pupils response in exam conditions 4 Know your sign post sentence to start the essay so that you can put pen to paper quickly. 5Finally, having studied the contents in your own way (Taking notes, highlighting etc) Try to write this answer at home in 25mins with your notes in front of you or not. YOU MUST BRING YOUR FOLDER