1. Inventory of U.S.GHG Emissions and Sinks: UNFCCC Reporting Requirements and IPCC Methodological Guidance FIA User Group Meeting San Antonio, TX—April 2, 2015 Tom Wirth US EPA—Climate Change Division

2. Produced annually—due by April 15 Accounts for anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals over time: 1990 Present Five methodological chapters Energy Industrial Processes and Product Use Waste Agriculture Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Six primary gases CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 National GHG Inventory

3. IPCC Guidelines and UNFCCC Reporting for National GHG Inventories IPCC Guidelines Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) Agriculture Enteric Fermentation (CH 4 ) Manure Mgt. (CH 4 and N 2 O) Agric. Soil Mgt. (N 2 O) Rice (CH 4 ) FBAR (CH 4 and N 2 O) Forestland & LCF Cropland & LCC Grassland & LCG Wetlands & LCW Settlements & LCS Other Land & LCO UNFCCC Reporting Five C Pools & Non-CO 2 Gases LULUCF (36 LU/LUC Categories)

4. GHG Emissions and Removals in AFOLU

5. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for AFOLU Required for UNFCCC reporting in 2015IPCC Wetlands Supplement

6. IPCC Tiered Methodologies Tier 1– Designed to use readily available national or international statistics (e.g., FAO) with default emission factors. Any country can apply. Tier 2– Uses similar approach as Tier 1, but with country- specific factors or further disaggregation Tier 3—Models, measurement or country-specific approach Increasing Methodological Complexity and Accuracy The Tier used is driven by significance of the flux and availability of data For each source/sink category methods are provided at three tier levels:

7. Result Credible Reliable Useful Inventory Assessed for Uncertainties Subject to QA/QC Efficient use of resources Uncertainties reduced over time TCCCA Transparent Consistent Complete Comparable Accurate Inventory Quality Indicators and Good Practice Guidance

8. AFOLU Team: USFS ARS CSU NOAA USGS Contractor support Agriculture and LULUCF Census of Agriculture NASS FIA NRI NLCD APHIS MODIS CTIC Ag. Waste Mg. Hnbk.

9. Domestic and International Review Processes Annual Domestic Reviews –Expert and Public reviews Thirty days each Not formal, as with regulatory review Annual UNFCCC Reviews –Centralized in Bonn –In-Country by multidisciplinary team –Annual review report developed Inventory team must respond to issues identified in the report

10. Technical Assessment of IPCC Guidelines Identify new emission sources, improvements to the methods and default emission factors Survey sent out to inventory experts asking for input Expert meetings to evaluate survey results –AFOLU meeting in July 2015—Sao Paulo, Brazil US AFOLU “Dream” Team –Chris Woodall/USFS: Forest Lands –Stephen Ogle/CSU: Croplands & Grasslands –Steve Del Grosso/ARS: Soil N 2 O –Lisamarie Wyndham-Myers/USGS: Wetlands –Jim Fourqurean/FIU: Coastal Wetlands –Jake Beaulieu/EPA: Reservoir CH 4 –April Leytem/ARS: Manure CH 4 and N 2 O –Ermias Kebreab/UC Davis: Enteric CH 4

11. IPCC Guidance on Land Representation Complete representation of the land base, categorized into 6 IPCC LUCs Separate into managed and unmanaged land Apply managed land definition Under IPCC Guidance “managed” land is a proxy for anthropogenic emissions Identify the land use conversions between lands Lands remain in conversion category for 20 years For all 36 LU/LUC categories estimate C stock changes by pool: Above/below-ground biomass Dead wood and litter Soil organic matter Non-CO 2 emissions

12. US Managed Land Base (1,000s ha’s) Includes all 50 states Excludes US Territories NRI data only goes through 2007 C stock changes not estimated for entire managed land base: Interior AK HI Federal Grasslands Wetlands

13. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by Sector: 1990-2013 Emissions grew 4.7% from 1990-2012 Downward trend since 2007 CO2 (83%), CH4 (9%), N2O (6%) and HFCs, PFCs and SF6 (2%)

14. 2013 AFOLU Emissions and Removals

15. Final Points US Inventory is one of the best in the world –In large part due to programs such as FIA and NRI Because it’s used to make/demonstrate compliance for our int’l commitments, it’s important to make it even better Improvements must be in line with the IPCC and UNFCCC guidance Significant improvements are underway –Improved LU/LUC tracking and associated GHG fluxes –Decreased the latency in the reporting –Account for forest C stock changes in interior AK There is huge potential to improve by taking advantage of the data/technical that already exists

16. Thanks for listening! Tom Wirth US EPA Climate Change Division (202) 343-9313 Wirth.tom@epa.gov To download a copy of the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2013 at: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html