1. WELCOME TO SEMINAR ON SCADA WELCOME TO SEMINAR ON SCADA Presented by: ANIL KUMAR RAUT Adm No:33IE/2k

2. INTRODUCTION SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System A Supervisory System A Supervisory System Encompasses all control,indicating and associated telemetry equipments at the master station and all of the complimentary devices in the remote stations Encompasses all control,indicating and associated telemetry equipments at the master station and all of the complimentary devices in the remote stations

3. PURPOSE To Provide the user with the capability to exercise control over a specific device and confirm its performance in accordance with the directed action. To Provide the user with the capability to exercise control over a specific device and confirm its performance in accordance with the directed action. To process those data for use by operator To process those data for use by operator Operator control of remote devices Operator control of remote devices

4. SCADA AND ELECTRIC UTILITIES It can be discussed in the following categories: Functions of SCADA Functions of SCADA Fundamentals of operation Fundamentals of operation Design considerations Design considerations

5. FUNCTIONS OF SCADA DATA ACQUISITION DATA ACQUISITION INFORMATION DISPLAY INFORMATION DISPLAY SUPERVISORY CONTROL SUPERVISORY CONTROL ALARM PROCESSING ALARM PROCESSING INFORMATION STORAGE AND REPORTS INFORMATION STORAGE AND REPORTS DATA CALCULATIONS DATA CALCULATIONS

6. DATA ACQUISITION Periodic acquisition of data from RTUs Periodic acquisition of data from RTUs Data acquired on a polled basis Data acquired on a polled basis Two options available on how a RTU responds: Two options available on how a RTU responds: 1. Send the actual value of points 2. Send only those points where change has occurred The latter option preferred and referred to as “Reporting By Exception” The latter option preferred and referred to as “Reporting By Exception” It’s a collective process of several specialized and highly related sub processes It’s a collective process of several specialized and highly related sub processes

7. INFORMATION DISPLAY This process consists of: This process consists of: 1. Retrieving both fixed and real time data from database 2. Combining them 3. Presenting them to the operator in the form of limited graphics CRT color pages This section is organized in a hierarchical tree structure This section is organized in a hierarchical tree structure Display selection by dedicated function keys provides very rapid access to frequently used displays Display selection by dedicated function keys provides very rapid access to frequently used displays

8. SUPERVISORY CONTROL Process of actuating equipment operation at remote locations Process of actuating equipment operation at remote locations This process includes: This process includes: 1. Selection of station 2. Selection of the device to be controlled 3. Execution of desired commands such as TRIP or close “Check-before-operate” method is employed for security of personnel and electric system “Check-before-operate” method is employed for security of personnel and electric system

9. ALARM PROCESSING This process includes: This process includes: 1. Alerting the operator to unscheduled events 2. Informing him the time of occurrence, the station location, the device ID and the nature of event The most common output of the alarm are CRT alarm lists, hardcopy printouts and audible alarms The most common output of the alarm are CRT alarm lists, hardcopy printouts and audible alarms

10. INFORMATION STORAGE AND REPORTS Accurate records are necessary to satisfy legal and governmental requirements for accounting, for support and forecasting future system operations and for engineering planning purposes Accurate records are necessary to satisfy legal and governmental requirements for accounting, for support and forecasting future system operations and for engineering planning purposes Pre-selected data sets are captured at periodic intervals and saved in rotating file Pre-selected data sets are captured at periodic intervals and saved in rotating file Periodicity of storage frequently set at certain time intervals called file time span Periodicity of storage frequently set at certain time intervals called file time span

11. DATA CALCULATIONS Data calculations done with single variables are: Data calculations done with single variables are: 1. Determination of averages 2. Maximum or minimum values over given intervals 3. Integration with respect to time Calculations done with multiple variables include sums, differences, products, exponents, squares, square roots, exponentiation and others Calculations done with multiple variables include sums, differences, products, exponents, squares, square roots, exponentiation and others A practical application of such calculation is load monitoring of large transformer banks A practical application of such calculation is load monitoring of large transformer banks

12. FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATION POLLING SCHEMES POLLING SCHEMES DATA INPUTS DATA INPUTS CONTROL OUTPUTS CONTROL OUTPUTS DATABASE DATABASE MAN MACHINE INTERFACE MAN MACHINE INTERFACE

13. POLLING SCHEMES In communications engineering this method is known as “time division multiple access (TDMA)” In communications engineering this method is known as “time division multiple access (TDMA)” Master station controls and the RTUs respond to only polling requests. Master station controls and the RTUs respond to only polling requests. Following points are discussed through the diagram given: 1. Multiple 2 or 4 wire telephone grade circuits 2. Polling command requests, and RTU responses are time multiplexed 3. Automatic generation control (AGC)

14. DATABASE The newer database updates the real time part of the user programs which retrieves data from the database and save computed results back into the database The newer database updates the real time part of the user programs which retrieves data from the database and save computed results back into the database They are not fixed in size but can easily be expanded provided the physical memory is available They are not fixed in size but can easily be expanded provided the physical memory is available Information contained in SCADA database may be categorized into: Information contained in SCADA database may be categorized into: 1. Real time 2. Parametric 3. Calculated 4. Application

15. MAN MACHINE INTERFACE One of the greatest challenges in SCADA is to provide efficient and user-friendly man machine interface One of the greatest challenges in SCADA is to provide efficient and user-friendly man machine interface It consists of the hardware as well as the program function which makes it all work It consists of the hardware as well as the program function which makes it all work Example of such a man machine interface : now in SCADA systems the simple audible alarm has been supplanted with a voice synthesizer which actually verbalizes alarm messages Example of such a man machine interface : now in SCADA systems the simple audible alarm has been supplanted with a voice synthesizer which actually verbalizes alarm messages

16. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Under this subject we have the following topics to be covered: Under this subject we have the following topics to be covered: 1. RELIABILITY / AVAILABILITY 2. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT 3. RTU LOCAL TEST FEATURES

17. RELIABILITY / AVAILABILITY Availability is defined as: Availability is defined as: %Availability=uptime/(uptime + downtime)*100 An acceptable availability figure for master station is 99.8 or 99.9 percent An acceptable availability figure for master station is 99.8 or 99.9 percent Such level of availability can be achieved by : Such level of availability can be achieved by : 1. Good diagnostics 2. High content of easily replaceable elements 3. Adequate spare parts 4. Good maintenance training

18. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT This includes changing CRT pictures, and building and modifying report formats This includes changing CRT pictures, and building and modifying report formats A prerequisite to efficient configuration is a well-structured database A prerequisite to efficient configuration is a well-structured database For example a typical point attributes include measurement number, station ID, name limits, engineering conversion constants, area of responsibility, alarm priority and many more. For example a typical point attributes include measurement number, station ID, name limits, engineering conversion constants, area of responsibility, alarm priority and many more.

19. APPLICATIONS Industrial control Industrial control Oil & gas transmission,production and distribution Oil & gas transmission,production and distribution Waste water utilities Waste water utilities Electric utility for remote control of substations Electric utility for remote control of substations Power distribution automation Power distribution automation

20. CONCLUSION System reliability, programming features and ease of use by the operator are important issues that must be taken into account. System reliability, programming features and ease of use by the operator are important issues that must be taken into account. To conclude all the previously discussed concepts about SCADA are the real life SCADA system representation To conclude all the previously discussed concepts about SCADA are the real life SCADA system representation

21. END OF THE SEMINAR THANK YOU